“双碳”形势下的高炉精准开炉快速达产实践

Practice of Accurate Opening and Fast Production of Blast Furnace under“Double Carbon”Situation

在全球积极推进碳减排和碳中和的背景下,国内外众多的钢铁企业开始研究探索低碳冶金、超低碳冶金等前沿技术课题,面向未来,以高炉为核心的炼铁系统协同优化和动态有序、协同联系、精准高效运行,是我国高炉炼铁技术的发展重心。~([1])应用于山东沿海某钢铁企业1 000 m^(3)级高炉的开炉生产实践表明,通过标准化、精准化的开炉作业流程、开炉冶炼进程中合理参数选择及控制等共性关键操作技术,可实现精准开炉并快速达产,从而降低开炉期间燃料消耗,推进开炉期间的碳减排工作。该高炉属薄壁炉衬矮胖型高炉,于2022年1月10日19∶30开始降料面,于1月10日21∶30料面降至炉腹上沿14.5 m, 11日6∶57休风停炉,并开展各项检修工作。各项工作完成后,于2022年2月21日18∶18点火开炉,18∶45分引煤气,从停炉到开炉历时42天。2月21日2∶58分开口出第一炉铁,2月21日4∶11堵的4个风口全开,上午7∶00左右风力加全,风量2 272 m^(3)/min、风压302 kPa、富氧6 040 m^(3)/h、顶压175 kPa,所有参数基本恢复正常,在开炉头次铁出尽后的3~5个冶炼周期内喷吹率、富氧比接近正常水平,开炉5天利用系数大于3.40 t/(d·m^(3))、w([Si])稳定在0.3%~0.45%、燃料比小于520 kg/t的目标,显著缩短冶炼进程、降低开炉成本,标志着企业开炉技术水平又迈上了一个新的台阶。

Under the background of actively promoting carbon emission reduction and carbon neutrality in the world,many domestic and foreign iron and steel enterprises have begun to study and explore such cutting-edge technical topics as low-carbon metallurgy and ultra-low-carbon metallurgy,facing the future,the blast furnace ironmaking system with blast furnace as the core is the center of development of blast furnace ironmaking technology in China.The production practice of 1 O00 m^(3) blast furnace in a steel enterprise in the coastal area of Shandong Province shows that through standardized and accurate blow-in operation process,reasonable parameter selection and control in blow-in smelting process,etc.,the utility model can realize accurate blowing-in and fast reaching production.The blast furnace is a short and fat type with Thin Wall lining.The charge level began to drop at 19:30 on January 10,2022.The charge level dropped to 14.5 meters along the Upper Bosh at 21:30 on January 10,and the blast furnace was stopped at 6:57 on January 11,and various maintenance works were carried out.After the completion of all the work,on February 21,2022 at 18:18 ignition furnace,18:45 to introduce gas,from the furnace to open 42 days.At 2:58 on February 21st,the first blast furnace was opened,and at 4:11 on February 21st,the four blast vents were fully opened.At about 7:00 am,the wind force was increased,the wind volume was 2272 m^(3)/min,the wind pressure was 302 kPa,the oxygen-enriched was 6040 m^(3)/h,and the top pressure was 175 kPa.All parameters were almost back to normal,the injection rate and oxygen-enriched ratio are close to the normal level in the 3~5 smelting cycles after the primary iron is exhausted.The Utilization Coefficient is more than 3.40 t/(d·m^(3)),w([Si])is stable at the target of 0.3%~0.45%,and the fuel ratio is less than 520 kg/t,significantly shorten the smelting process and reduce the cost of blowing-in,marking the enterprise's technical level of blowing-in a new step.