山西杂交高粱育种的研究历程及展望

Research Course and Prospects of Shanxi Hybrid Sorghum Breeding

山西省是我国高粱主产区之一,也是全国重要的杂交高粱育种中心。山西杂交高粱育种的研究始于20世纪60年代,经过几代育种家的不懈努力,取得了显著成绩。文章回顾了山西杂交高粱育种的研究历程,从历年山西粒用高粱选育情况、杂交高粱恢复系和不育系的改良与创制、酿造专用高粱新品种选育、高粱品种机械化栽培改良等方面总结了山西杂交高粱育种的亮点和成就;分析了山西杂交高粱育种面临的主要问题和挑战:突破性品种少,育种技术进入瓶颈期,中国高粱饲料、食用产业低迷,高粱育种绿色革命滞后;并展望了山西杂交高粱育种的方向和目标:加强高粱在盐碱地、山旱地、瘠薄地等低产田和边际农田的利用,加强高粱在饲食用方面的开发利用,加强种质资源鉴定与种质创新,加快高粱品种绿色革命进程,推动山西杂交高粱育种再上新台阶。

Shanxi province is one of the main sorghums producing areas and also an important hybrid sorghum breeding center in China.The research on hybrid sorghum breeding in Shanxi began in the 1960s and has achieved significant results through the unremitting efforts of several generations of breeders.In this article,the research progress of hybrid sorghum breeding in Shanxi was reviewed,the highlights and achievements of hybrid sorghum breeding in Shanxi were summarized from the breeding situation of sorghum in Shanxi,the improvement and creation of hybrid sorghum restoration lines and sterile lines,the breeding of new sorghum varieties for brewing,and the mechanized cultivation and improvement of sorghum varieties.In additional,the main problems and challenges faced by hybrid sorghum breeding in Shanxi were analyzed,they were few breakthrough varieties,bottleneck period of breeding technology,sluggishness of China's sorghum feed and edible industry,and lagging of the green revolution in sorghum breeding.Also,the direction and goals of hybrid sorghum breeding in Shanxi were looked forward to,they were enhancement of the utilization of sorghum in low yield and marginal farmland such as saline alkali land,mountainous arid land,and barren land,reinforcement of the development and utilization of sorghum in feeding and consumption,and intensification of the identification and innovation of germplasm resources,acceleration of the green revolution process of sorghum varieties,and promotion of hybrid sorghum breeding in Shanxi to a new level.