茶树基质快繁茶苗直接移栽建立新茶园

Direct transplantation of young tea plants with mediumfast cutting in establishing new tea garden

扦插不但能保持母穗茶树的优良性状、防止品种退化,而且繁殖系数高,是无性系茶树品种最常用的繁殖方法。但茶树扦插育苗周期长,以致苗木供应跟不上生产发展对良种苗木的需求。基质快速扦插育苗可以有效缩短育苗周期,然而其营养杯炼苗过程操作繁杂,成本高;而且因杯苗重量大,不便于长途运输。本研究利用基质快速扦插繁殖的茶苗直接移栽用于新茶园建设试验。结果显示,平均发根数量13.2-31.87根/株的快繁茶苗,移栽4个月后的成活率达到100%;新梢的生长取决于品系生物学特性,与移栽时的发根数量无关。本研究表明,基质扦插快繁茶苗可以不经过炼苗过程直接移栽至新建茶园。

Cutting propagation can not only keep the good character of mother tea plants and prevent tea cultivar degradation,but also have a high reproduction coefficient,which is most commonly used in the propagation of clonal tea cultivars.However,the period of tea cuttings is long,so that the supply of young plants can not keep up with the demand for seedlings of improved cultivars.Rapid cutting in medium can effectively shorten cutting period,but the acclimatization of young cuttings in nutrient pots is complicated and costly.And these young cuttings are not convenient for long-distance transportation because of heavy weight of soil in the nutrient pots.In this study,young tea plants propagated by medium rapid cutting were directly transplanted to new tea garden,without acclimatization process.The results showed that the survival rate of plants with an average number of 13.2-31.87 roots/plant reached 100%after 4 months of transplanting.The growth of shoots depended on the biological characteristics of the cultivars and had nothing to do with the number of roots at the time of transplanting.It shows that the young tea plants by medium rapid propagation could be directly transplanted to new tea gardens without acclimatization process.