基于循证医学的预见性护理干预在肾移植患者术后尿路感染中的应用

Application of predictive nursing intervention based on evidence-based medicine in patients with urinary tract infection after kidney transplantation

目的探究基于循证医学的预见性护理干预对肾移植患者术后尿路感染及情绪状态的影响。方法本研究为前瞻性对比实验研究,选取于2021年1月至2022年12月就诊郑州市第七人民医院肾移植肾脏病诊疗中心的80例肾移植患者为研究对象,根据入院时间分为对照组与观察组,各40例。对照组男24例、女16例,年龄22~64(43.67±7.25)岁,给予常规护理;观察组男23例、女17例,年龄25~67(44.39±8.15)岁,在对照组基础上给予基于循证医学的预见性护理干预。对比两组心理状态[焦虑自评量表(Self-rating Anxiety Scale SAS)、抑郁自评量表(Self-rating Depression Scale,SDS)]、生活质量[肾移植患者生活质量相关评定量表(Quality of Life Scale for Patients of Renal Transplantation,QOL-RT)]、满意度、导尿管留置时间、排尿功能、并发症发生率。统计学方法采用t检验、χ^(2)检验。结果观察组导尿管留置时间较对照组短,排尿功能较对照组高[(6.87±1.33)d比(8.94±1.52)d、(2.01±0.31)分比(1.54±0.32)分],差异均有统计学意义(t=6.482、6.672,均P<0.05)。观察组并发症总发生率低于对照组[10.00%(4/40)比42.50%(17/40)],差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=10.912,P<0.05)。干预后,两组SDS、SAS均较干预前降低,且观察组低于对照组[(41.26±4.18)分比(46.14±3.66)分、(37.81±5.69)分比(44.87±4.38)分],QOL-RT均较干预前升高,且观察组高于对照组[(94.67±8.45)分比(87.64±7.34)分],差异均有统计学意义(t=5.555、6.218、3.972,均P<0.05)。观察组满意度为100.00%(40/40),高于对照组[80.00%(32/40)],差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=6.806,P<0.05)。结论基于循证医学的预见性护理干预可降低肾移植患者术后尿路感染发生风险,改善排尿功能,调节患者心理状态,提高生活质量,从而提升护理满意度。

Objective To explore the effect of predictive nursing intervention based on evidence-based medicine on urinary tract infection and emotional state of patients after kidney transplantation.Methods This is a prospective comparative experimental study.According to the admission order,80 patients taking at Center for Kidney Transplantation and Diagnosis and Treatment of Kidney Diseases,Zhengzhou Seventh People's Hospital from January 2021 to December 2022 were divided a control group and an observation group,with 40 cases in each group.There were 24 males and 16 females in the control group;they were 22-64(43.67±7.25)years old.There were 23 males and 17 females in the observation group;they were 25-67(44.39±8.15)years old.The control group took routine nursing;in addition,the observation group took predictive nursing intervention based on evidence-based medicine.The psychological status[Self-rating Anxiety Scale(SAS)and Self-rating Depression Scale(SDS)],quality of life[Quality of Life Scale for Patients of Renal Transplantation(QOL-RT)],satisfaction,catheter retention times,urination function,and incidences of complications were compared between the two groups.t andχ^(2)tests were used.Results The catheter retention time and urination function in the observation group were better than those in the control group[(6.87±1.33)d vs.(8.94±1.52)d and(2.01±0.31)vs.(1.54±0.32)],with statistical differences(t=6.482 and 6.672;both P<0.05).The total incidence of complications in the observation group was lower than that in the control group[10.00%(4/40)vs.42.50%(17/40)],with a statistical difference(χ^(2)=10.912,P<0.05).After the intervention,the scores of SDS,SAS,and QOL-RT in the observation group were better than those in the control group[(41.26±4.18)vs.(46.14±3.66),(37.81±5.69)vs.(44.87±4.38),and(94.67±8.45)vs.(87.64±7.34)],with statistical differences(t=5.555,6.218,and 3.972;all P<0.05).The satisfaction of the observation group was higher than that of the control group[100.00%(40/40)vs.80.00%(32/40)],with a statistical difference(χ^(2)=6.806,P<0.05).Conclusion Predictive nursing intervention based on evidence-based medicine can reduce the risk of urinary tract infection in patients after kidney transplantation,improve their urination function,quality of life,and nursing satisfaction,and regulate their psychological state.