生物酶在烟草工业中的应用研究进展

Review on application of biological enzymes in tobacco industry

基于生物酶处理对烟草及其制品品质变化的显著影响,综述了近年来生物酶处理在烟草提质、产香和减害等方面的研究成果,分析了生物酶在研究中存在的薄弱环节及问题。认为:烟叶中淀粉和果胶的酶催化降解相关研究取得较大进展,其中复合酶的作用效果多优于单一酶;漆酶与蛋白酶搭配处理梗丝效果较单一酶处理更好,同时,对烟梗进行酸处理、碱处理和汽爆处理可显著提高酶解效果;在烟草薄片制备原料再造烟叶浓缩液中,生物酶更容易发挥作用,具有处理时间短、效率高和作用效果显著等优点;在产香方面,生物酶主要通过产生参与美拉德反应的物质或催化香味前体物产香实现;在减害方面,生物酶主要通过降低烟草特有亚硝胺和烟气自由基等有害物质含量来实现。未来可从烟草生物大分子结构表征和特性研究、烟用酶制剂创制和催化机制解析两方面进行深入研究,以进一步推进生物酶在烟草增香、提质和减害等方面的研究及应用。

Based on the significant effects of enzyme treatment on tobacco and its products,the research achievements of enzyme treatment in tobacco aroma enhancement,quality improvement tobacco quality improvement,aroma production,and harm reduction in recent years were reviewed as follows.The weak links and problems in the research of biological enzymes were analyzed.Significant progress had been made in the research of enzymatic degradation of starch and pectin in tobacco leaves,with composite enzymes being more effective than single enzymes.The combination of laccase and protease had a better effect on treating tobacco stems than single.At the same time,treatments with acid,alkali,and steam explosion could significantly improve the enzymatic hydrolysis effect.Enzymes are more effective in tobacco extracts,with advantages such as short processing time,high efficiency,and significant effects;In the process of reconstituted tobacco leaf concentrate using raw materials for tobacco thin slice preparation,biological enzymes were more effective,with advantages such as short processing time,high efficiency,and significant effects.In terms of aroma production,it was mainly achieved by producing substances that could participate in the Maillard reaction or catalyze the production of aroma precursors.In terms of harm reduction of cigarettes,it was mainly achieved by reducing the content of tobacco specific Nitrosamine and smoke free radicals and other harmful substances.In the future,in-depth research can be carried out from the aspects of structural characterization and characteristics of tobacco biomacromolecules,creation of tobacco enzyme preparations and analysis of catalytic mechanism,so as to further promote the research and application of biological enzymes in tobacco aroma enhancement,quality improvement and harm reduction.In the future,more research can be carried out from the aspects of structural characterization and characteristics of tobacco biomacromolecules,creation of tobacco enzyme preparations and analysis of catalytic mechanism to further promote the research and application of enzymes in tobacco aroma enhancement,quality improvement and harm reduction.