全球能源转型背景下中外抽水蓄能发展分析研究

Analysis of Pumped-storage Development in China and Other Countries under the Background of Global Energy Transition

推动全球能源绿色低碳转型是全球应对气候变化、实现碳中和或净零排放承诺的,以风电和光伏发电为代表新能源将大规模发展与高比例接入,抽水蓄能电站作为电力系统灵活调节电源和长时储能设施迎来良好发展机遇。为此,从发展规模、政策体系、市场机制等方面对当前中国、欧洲和美国等世界主要抽水蓄能国家和地区发展现状进行梳理对比,并从外部发展形势、竞争比较优势、资源禀赋、政策机制预期等分析当前形势下主要国家抽水蓄能发展面临的机遇、问题及发展潜力。研究表明,抽水蓄能是全球未来灵活调节电源和储能设施的首选,中国、欧洲和美国也提出了较为明确的发展规划,但合理的政策机制及其稳定收入预期是当前影响抽水蓄能发展的主要因素,建议加强政策支持、完善市场机制、优化商业模式等,更好推动抽水蓄能又好又快高质量发展。

Promoting global energy green and low-carbon transition is the global commitment to tackle climate change and achieve carbon neutrality or net zero emissions.New energy,represented by wind power and photovoltaic power generation,will develop on a large scale with a high proportion of access.The pumped-storage power stations,as flexible power supply and long-term storage facilities in the power system,will embrace good development opportunities.This paper summarizes and compares current development status of pumped-storage power in China,Europe and United States,from the aspects of development scale,policy system and market mechanism.The opportunities,problems and potential of pumped-storage development are also analyzed from four dimensions,including external development situation,competitive comparative advantage,site resource potential and policy mechanism expectation.The study shows that the pumped-storage power is the first choice for flexible regulation of power and energy storage facilities in the future,and China,Europe and United States have also put forward relatively clear development plans,but reasonable policy mechanism and stable income expectation are the main factors affecting the development of pumped storage.It is suggested to strengthen policy support,improve the market mechanism and optimize the business model for promoting sound,rapid and high-quality development of pumped-storage power.