朝向他者的艺术——论列维纳斯对“异域感”的现象学分析

Art Toward the 0ther:On Levinas'Phenomenological Analysis of"Sense of Exoticism"

对于列维纳斯的艺术观,研究虽多,但局限与误解也不少。列维纳斯在《从存在到存在者》中提出的“艺术是对异域感的追求”,浓缩了其艺术之思的要旨,现有研究虽有涉猎但仍值得再加阐释。在该作中,列维纳斯通过描述蕴蓄在各种艺术形式及作品中的“异域感”,批评了“模仿说”“表现说”,表明“追求异域感是艺术的创造性本质所在”。他以艺术之“异域感”类比了存在的“外在性”,呈现了其现象学致思和对艺术的独到理解:通过去除事物的一般“形式”来重建感性、朝向他者。解读此论证能有效澄清现有研究中的问题:列维纳斯并不“反艺术”;用“异质美学”概括其用意不够恰切且容易带来误解;他对伦理的强调并不意味着支持艺术介入现实。

Although there are many researches on Levinas'artistic ideas,there are also many limitations and misunderstandings on it.Levinas points out in Existence and Existents that“art is the pursuit of the sense of exoticism”,which represents the gist of his artistic ideas.Although the existing researches have involved some ideas,further explanations are necessary.In this work,Levinas criticizes the“artistic imitation”and“artistic presentation”by describing the“sense of exoticism”stored in various art forms and works,indicating that“the pursuit of the sense of exoticism is the creative essence of art”.He compared the“sense of exoticism”of art to the“externality”of existence,and presented his phenomenological thinking and unique understanding of art:he rebuilt sensibility and oriented towards the other by removing the general form of things.Interpretation of this argument can effectively clarify the existing research problems:Levinas is not“anti-art”.However,the use of“heterogeneous aesthetics”to summarize its meaning is not accurate and easy to misunderstand.His emphasis on ethics does not imply that he supports the intervention of art in reality.