Samuel Levin的经典隐喻语义论评骘

Comment on Samuel Levin's classical semantic theory of metaphor

本文严格立足于语言学家Samuel Levin的经典隐喻语义论,梳理语言学者Frege、Ryle、Wittgenstein等人关于指称、意义与真理问题的讨论,就有关语义偏离句中的逻辑矛盾与语义矛盾、语义不兼容、现实世界与可能世界的关系,荒谬性可否思考和语句真值问题,以及Abraham、Ricoeur提议通过建立意义假设和双重指称等方法实现诗歌隐喻、文本隐喻与完整世界隐喻等问题展开研讨分析,论证了偏离语句中指称与意义、真值的不对等关系,用隐喻语义理论核心观,从语言学、哲学、数学等众多领域视角带领我们揭开隐喻的神秘面纱,希冀为认识和考察隐喻提供来自不同角度的丰厚学术滋养。

Based strictly upon the classical metaphorical semantic theory of linguist Samuel Levin,this paper combs the discussions of linguists Frege,Ryle and Wittgenstein on reference,mean⁃ing and truth,and discusses their logical contradiction and semantic contradiction in semantically deviated sentences,semantic incompatibility,the relationship between the real world and the possible world,whether absurdity can be calculated and the truth of sentences,as well as poetic metaphors proposed by Abraham and Ricoeur in detail.This paper analyzes and discusses the problems of text metaphor and whole⁃world metaphor,demonstrates the unequal relationship between reference,meaning and truth value in deflected sentences,and successfully adopts the core view of metaphor semantic theory to lead us to uncover the mystery of metaphor from the perspectives of linguistics,philosophy,mathematics and other fields,at⁃tempting to provide nutritious academic nourishment from divergent perspectives for understand⁃ing and deciphering metaphors.