2021-2022年某医院呼吸道感染患儿肺炎支原体感染流行特征

Epidemiological characteristics of Mycoplasma pneumoniae in children with respiratory tract infection from 2021 to 2022

目的分析呼吸道感染患儿肺炎支原体耐药性及流行特征.方法回顾性收集2021年3月-2022年7月三门峡市中心医院收治的2693例呼吸道感染患儿临床资料,统计肺炎支原体抗体检出情况及其耐药性,比较不同性别、年龄、季节、疾病类型呼吸道感染患儿肺炎支原体感染情况.结果2021年3月-2022年7月纳入的2693例呼吸道感染患儿,其中749例检出肺炎支原体抗体,检出率为27.81%;肺炎支原体对红霉素、乙酰螺旋霉素、环丙沙星耐药率较高,分别为55.67%、47.00%、43.93%,对莫西沙星、左氧氟沙星、米诺环素耐药率均低于20.00%;749例呼吸道感染患儿肺炎支原体感染主要集中于1~2岁、3~6岁、≥7岁,占比分别为34.33%、39.88%、34.70%;呼吸道感染患儿肺炎支原体感染主要发病季节为秋季,占比为46.51%;肺炎支原体引起呼吸道感染患儿主要疾病类型为肺炎,占比40.08%.结论呼吸道感染患儿中肺炎支原体感染占比较高,肺炎支原体对红霉素、乙酰螺旋霉素、环丙沙星耐药率较高,莫西沙星、左氧氟沙星、米诺环素耐药率较低,主要感染群体为女性、1~7岁患儿主要发病季节为秋季,主要疾病类型为肺炎.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the drug resistance and epidemiological characteristics of Mycoplasma pneumoniae in the children with respiratory tract infection.METHODS The clinical data were retrospectively collected from the 2693 children with respiratory tract infection who were treated in Sanmenxia Central Hospital from Mar 2021 to Jul 2022.The isolation rates of M.pneumoniae strains and the drug resistance rates were statistically analyzed.The prevalence of M.pneumoniae infection among the children with respiratory tract infection was compared among the children with different genders,ages,and types of diseases and among different seasons.RESULTS Among the 2693 children with respiratory tract infection who were enrolled in the study from Mar 2021 to Jul 2022,749 children were detected with M.pneumoniae antibody,with the isolation rate 27.81%.The drug resistance rates of M.pneumoniae to erythromycin,acetylspiramycin and ciprofloxacin were 55.67%,47.00%and 43.93%,respectively;the drug resistance rates to moxifloxacin,levofloxacin and minocycline were less than 20.00%.Among the 749 children with respiratory tract M.pneumoniae infection,the children aged between 1 and 2 years old accounted for 34.33%,the children aged between 3 and 6 years old 39.88%,the children aged no less than 7 years old 34.70%.46.51%of the children had the M.pneumoniae infection in autumn.The children who had pneumoniae were dominant among the children with the respiratory tract M.pneumoniae infection,accounting for 40.08%.CONCLUSION The children with M.pneumoniae infection are dominant among the children with the respiratory tract infection.The drug resistance rates of the M.pneumoniae strains to erythromycin,acetylspiramycin and ciprofloxacin are high,while the drug resistance rates to moxifloxacin,levofloxacin and minocycline are low.The female children is the predominant group,the infection is prevalent among the children aged between 1 and 7 years old in autumn,and pneumonia is the major type of disease.