重庆合川区2020年—2022年生活饮用水水质监测结果分析

Monitoring and analysis of drinking water quality in Hechuan District,Chongqing from 2020 to 2022

目的 了解重庆市合川区生活饮用水卫生状况,为相关部门改善全区生活饮用水水质、保障居民的生活饮用水安全提供科学依据。方法 对2020年—2022年合川区城乡水厂枯水期、丰水期生活饮用水水质监测资料进行综合分析,水样的采集、检验和评价方法按照《生活饮用水标准检验方法》(GB/T 5750—2006)、《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749—2006)执行。结果 2020年—2022年合川区生活饮用水水质总体卫生情况较为稳定,但总合格率为69.5%,相对偏低。枯水期水样合格率高于丰水期,城区水质明显优于农村水质,出厂水、末梢水及二次供水水质情况差异无统计学意义,感官性状和一般化学指标合格率最高,毒理指标次之,微生物指标合格率最低。主要不合格指标是氯酸盐、亚氯酸盐、菌落总数、总大肠菌群,合格率分别为92.8%、92.4%、80.9%、85.5%。结论 合川区农村地区生活饮用水水质卫生情况有待提高,微生物指标和消毒副产物是影响其水质的主要因素,相关部门需积极采取针对性措施,进一步提高本区生活饮用水水质,保障居民用水安全。

Objective This paper aims to understand the sanitary status of drinking water in Hechuan District of Chongqing, so as to provide scientific evidence for the relevant departments to improve the quality of drinking water in the region and protect the safety of residents' drinking water. Methods The monitoring data of urban and rural drinking water quality during the drought and abundant water periods of Hechuan District from 2020 to 2022 were comprehensively analyzed. The water samples were collected, analyzed, and evaluated according to the Standard Examination Methods for Drinking Water(GB/T 5750—2006) and the Standards for Drinking Water Quality(GB/T 5750—2006). Results The drinking water quality was relatively stable in Hechuan District from 2020 to 2022, but the overall passing rate(69.5%) was relatively low. The passing rate of water samples in the drought period was higher than that in the abundant period. Water quality in urban areas was significantly better than that in rural areas. There was no statistical significance on the difference between the water quality of plant water, terminal water and secondary water supply. The qualified rates of sensory and general chemical indexes were the highest, followed by toxicological indexes and those of the microbiological indexes were the lowest. The main unqualified indicators were chlorate, chlorite, total numbers of colony, total coliforms, and their qualified rates were respectively 92.8%, 92.4%, 80.9%, 85.5%. Conclusion The drinking water quality in rural areas should be improved in Hechuan District. Microbial indexes and disinfection by-products are the main affecting factors. Relevant departments need to actively take measures to further improve the quality of drinking water to ensure water safety for residents.