叶片黄化对葡萄生理和果实品质的影响

Effect of Leaf Chlorosis on Grapevines Physiology and Fruit Quality

为了探究叶片黄化对葡萄生理和果实生长的伤害机制,试验以生长在河南省荥阳市蔡寨村表现黄化症状的4年生‘阳光玫瑰’成龄树为试材,通过测定并分析黄化植株与正常植株的茎叶生长量、叶绿素含量、光合特性、叶绿素荧光参数、叶片解剖结构以及果实品质和产量的变化特征,考察叶片黄化后对葡萄生长量、光合指标、叶绿素荧光特性以及果实品质的影响,以期为葡萄开展黄化矫正栽培提供参考依据。研究表明,(1)黄化植株叶片的叶绿素含量、叶片大小、叶片重量、新梢长度、枝条粗度均显著降低;(2)黄化植株叶片的净光合速率(P_(n))、蒸腾速率(T_(r))、气孔导度(G_(s))显著下降,而胞间CO_(2)浓度(Ci)显著上升;(3)黄化植株叶片的叶绿素荧光参数初始荧光(Fo)、光下最小荧光产量(Fo′)、最大荧光产量(Fm)、相对电子传递速率(ETR)、实际光合量子产量Y(Ⅱ)均比正常植株显著降低;(4)黄化植株叶片厚度、栅栏组织厚度和栅海比比正常植株显著升高,上表皮厚度和海绵组织厚度比正常植株显著降低;(5)黄化植株果实产量、穗重、果实大小、可溶性固形物含量以及单粒重量均比正常植株显著降低。因此,葡萄黄化植株的叶片光合作用和枝叶生长发育受到显著抑制,果实的产量和品质均显著下降。

In order to explore the damage mechanism of leaf chlorosis on grape physiology and fruit growth,in this experiment,4-year-old mature grapevines of‘Shine Muscat’grew in Caizhai Village,Xingyang,Henan Province with chlorosis symptoms were used as experimental materials.The stem and leaf growth,chlorophyll content,photosynthetic characteristics,chlorophyll fluorescence parameters,leaf anatomical structure,fruit quality and yield of chlorosis grapevines and normal grapevines were measured and analyzed,to explore the effects of chlorosis leaves on grapevines growth,photosynthetic index,chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics and fruit quality,and provide a reference basis for chlorosis correction cultivation of grapevines.The research showed that:(1)Compared with normal grapevines,the leaf chlorophyll content,leaf size,leaf weight,new shoot length and branch thickness of chlorosis grapevines decreased significantly.(2)Compared with normal grapevines,net photosynthetic rate(P(n)),transpiration rate(T_(r))and stomatal conductance(Gs)of chlorosis grape leaves decreased significantly,while intercellular CO_(2)concentration(Ci)increased significantly.(3)The initial fluorescence(F_(o)),minimum fluorescence yield(Fo'),maximum fluorescence yield(Fm),relative electron transfer rate(ETR)and actual photosynthetic quantum yield Y(Ⅱ)of chlorosis grape leaves were significantly lower than those of normal grapevines.(4)The leaf thickness,palisade tissue thickness and ratio between palisade tissue to spongy tissue of chlorosis grapevines were significantly higher than those of normal grapevines,while the thickness of upper epidermis and sponge tissue were significantly lower than those of normal grapevines.(5)The fruit yield,cluster weight,fruit size,soluble solids content and berry weight of chlorosis grapevines were significantly lower than those of normal grapevines.Therefore,the photosynthesis of leaves and the growth and development of branches and leaves of chlorosis grapevines are significantly inhibited,resulting in a significant decrease in fruit yield and quality.