贵州野生猕猴桃表型遗传多样性分析

Phenotypic Genetic Diversity of Wild Kiwifruit Resource Distributed in Guizhou

通过对146份贵州猕猴桃种质资源表型遗传多样性的研究,为贵州猕猴桃品种选育打下基础,对146份不同区域猕猴桃种质资源48个质量性状进行描述、赋值,并结合单果重等9个数量性状,使用主成分分析、聚类分析等进行综合评价。结果表明,57个质量性状和数量性状均存在丰富的多样性和变异性;146份资源的Shannon’s遗传多样性指数为1.28,从各区域遗传多样性指数可以看出,演化进程上从遗传多样性指数高的地区向低的地区进行演化;主成分分析结果显示,前14个主成分累计贡献率达75.076%,其中前6个主成分的累计贡献率达51.911%,为提高品种选育和评价的工作效率,可将猕猴桃种质资源的描述指标简化为新梢被毛、果实被毛等18个性状;聚类结果显示,贵州猕猴桃种质的欧氏距离为1.00~25.00之间,在D=19.25处,146份野生猕猴桃分为6个类群。本文有效揭示了贵州省猕猴桃种质资源丰富的多样性和亲缘关系,明确野生猕猴桃各种群间性状区分特征和部分优良资源性状的地理分布,对贵州猕猴桃种质资源的种质鉴定、保护利用和品种选育有重要意义。

The study aimed to the phenotypic genetic diversity of 146 kiwifruit germplasm resources in Guizhou Province,and provide reference for breeding and utilization of kiwifruit resources in Guizhou Province.In this study,we described and assigned 48 phenotypic traits of 146 kiwifruit germplasm resources from different regions and combined 9 quantitative traits such as fruit weight with principal component analysis and cluster analysis to comprehensively evaluate the phenotypic diversity of kiwifruit germplasm resources in Guizhou.The results showed that 57 qualitative and quantitative traits were rich in diversity and variability.The Shannon􀆳s genetic diversity index of 146 resources was 1.28,It could be seen from the genetic diversity index of each region that the evolution process is from the region with high genetic diversity index to the region with low genetic diversity index.The results of principal component analysis showed that the accumulative contribution rate of the first 14 principal components was 75.076%.The accumulative contribution rate of the first 6 principal components was 51.911%.For improving the efficiency of variety selection and evaluation,the descriptive indexes of kiwifruit germplasm resources could be simplified into 18 characters,including hair on annual branch,fruit hair.Cluster analysis showed that the Euclidean distance of kiwifruit germplasm in Guizhou was between 1.00-25.00.And 146 kiwifruit resources were divided into 6 groups at D=19.25.This paper effectively revealed the rich diversity and genetic relationship of wild kiwifruit germplasm resources in Guizhou Province,and defined the distinguishing characteristics of characters among various groups of kiwifruit and the geographical distribution of some excellent resource characters,which was great significance for the identification,protection,utilization and genetic improvement of kiwifruit germplasm resources in Guizhou.