必要的张力:社会学思想史的内外之分

Necessary Tension:The Internalist and Externalist Distinction in the History of Sociological Thought

作为社会学史的一部分,社会学思想史以思想史或社会学视角研究社会学思想的历史演变,结合文本解读对思想演变做出解释。既有的社会学思想史研究大体上均可以归类为内部主义或外部主义研究框架,但这两种框架本身缺乏深入的研究。从美国社会学家卡米克和亚历山大的争论出发,梳理两位学者在解释人物思想形成、社会理论发展和社会学变迁三方面的不同立场,在比较的基础上讨论这场争论与内外之分相关的三项议题,进而对内部主义和外部主义的含义、具体解释机制以及两者的关系展开阐述。

As part of the history of sociology,the history of sociological thought approaches the historical evolution of sociological thought from the angel of intellectual history or sociology,and explains such an evolution aided by textual interpretations.The existent studies in the history of sociological thought can be roughly classified into either internalism or externalism,but such a framework itself lacks in-depth studies.Building on the debate between two American sociologists,Charles Camic and Jeffrey Alexander,this article compares their different positions on explaining the formation of ideas,the development of social theory,and the history of sociology,and then discusses three issues in the debate that are related to the internalist and externalist distinction.Finally,it delves into the meanings of internalism and externalism,their respective explanatory mechanisms,and their relationship.