玻璃体视网膜交界面的结构及临床意义

Structures of vitreoretinal interface and their clinical significance

玻璃体视网膜交界面包括玻璃体后皮质、视网膜内界膜,以及两者之间的细胞外基质,它们之间形成类似基膜复合体的结构,特别是在一些粘连特别牢固的部位,如玻璃体基底部、视盘边缘、视网膜血管、黄斑中心凹,以及一些病变部位等。随着年龄增长,玻璃体基底部向后移位,视网膜内界膜增厚、弹性下降,玻璃体视网膜粘连减弱,并出现玻璃体后脱离等改变。深刻认识这些界面及其年龄相关性改变对于理解相关疾病的病理生理及治疗方法具有重要意义。

Vitreoretinal interface consists of posterior vitreous cortex,retina internal limiting membrane,and extracellular matrix.Basement membrane-like complex is formed in the interface,especially in some special locations,such as vitreous base,optic disc margin,retinal vessels,macular foveola,and some pathologic lesions.With aging,the posterior margin of vitreous base extends posteriorly,internal limiting membrane thickens and its elasticity decreases,the adhesion in vitreoretinal interface weakens,and posterior vitreous detachment develops.To fully recognize the interface and its age-related changes is of much importance for understanding the pathophysiology and treatment strategy of some diseases.