《个人信息保护法》视域下人事档案遗失的法律救济——以493份司法裁判文书为样本

Legal Remedies for Lost Personnel Files from the Personal Information Protection Law:Take 493Judicial Judgment Documents as Samples

人事档案遗失救济属于民事救济,应当在《个人信息保护法》的规范体系内展开。人事档案的国家所有权属性不应成为主张遗失损害赔偿的阻却事由,档案管理者违反档案管理法规造成档案遗失是侵害个人信息权益的违法行为。人事档案遗失损害赔偿满足个人信息侵权的构成要件,适用过错推定归责原则,损害结果上包括财产性损害与非财产性损害。若人事档案可恢复原状,应当优先适用重置、补办档案等责任承担方式;财产损失包括预防后续损害所支出的费用与因档案遗失发生下游损害所受到的间接损失。因人事档案个人信息泄露而直接侵害人格权,或者单纯侵害个人信息权益的情形均有权要求精神损害赔偿,具体数额的确定须根据实际情况进行酌定。

Remedies for the loss of personnel files are civil remedies and should be carried out within the normative system of the Personal Information Protection Law.The national ownership of personnel archives does not affect the legitimacy of compensation for loss,and the loss of archives caused by the violation of archives management regulations by archives managers is an illegal act that infringes on the rights and interests of personal information.Compensation for loss of personnel files should meet the constituent requirements of personal information infringement,and the damage results include property damage and non-property damage.In terms of damage compensation methods,priority should be given to restitution,replacement,etc.The calculation of losses should include the cost of preventing subsequent damages and the property losses suffered by downstream damages due to personal information leakage.In the case of direct infringement of personal personality rights due to the leakage of personal information in personnel files,or the simple infringement of personal information rights and interests,there is the right to demand compensation for mental damage,and the determination of the specific amount should be determined according to the actual situation.