社会投入、市场化程度与教育公共服务的有效供给

Social Input,Marketization Degree and Effective Supply of Educational Public Services

市场机制在教育公共服务供给中发挥着不可或缺的作用,本文试图从社会投入和市场化程度两个方面,回答市场机制如何作用于教育公共服务的有效供给。通过选取全国31个省(不包含港澳台地区)2010—2019年的数据,本文在对教育公共服务供给有效性进行理念塑造和测度的基础上,采用面板Tobit模型对市场机制的作用进行实证检验,结论如下:第一,社会投入的增加,使义务教育、高等教育公共服务的产出和获益程度提高,进而促进了总体有效供给。第二,市场化程度的调节作用在义务教育和高等教育阶段具有差异性。义务教育阶段,随着市场化程度的提高,进一步增加社会投入规模,可能会导致出现义务教育普及不足、受益不均等问题。高等教育阶段,市场化程度的调节作用不显著,即市场化程度无论高低,加大社会投入力度,均可促进高等教育公共服务的有效供给。

Market mechanism plays an indispensable role in the supply of educational public services.This paper attempts to answer how market mechanism acts on the effective supply of educational public services from two aspects:social input and marketization.Based on data from 31 provinces in China from 2010 to 2019,and on the basis of modeling and measuring the effective supply of educational public services,the panel Tobit model is used to empirically test the role of market mechanism.The conclusions are as follows:First,the increase of social input increases the output and benefits of public services of compulsory education and higher education,thus promoting overall effective supply.Second,the regulation of marketization degree is different between compulsory education and higher education.In the stage of compulsory education,with the improvement of marketization,the increase of social input scale may lead to the problems of insufficient popularization and unequal benefits of compulsory education.In the stage of higher education,the regulation of marketization is not significant,that is,whether the degree of marketization is high or low,increasing social input can promote the effective supply of public services in higher education.