视神经脊髓炎谱系疾病免疫机制及单抗治疗进展

Progress in Immune Mechanism and Monoclonal Antibodies Treatment of Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder

视神经脊髓炎谱系疾病(NMOSD)是由抗体介导,以中枢神经系统炎性脱髓鞘为主要病理表现的自身免疫性疾病。NMOSD以视神经和脊髓受累为主,致残率极高。现阶段研究表明其发病机制与体液免疫具有相关性。单克隆抗体在多发性硬化、重症肌无力等神经系统免疫疾病中疗效显著,近年来单克隆抗体在NMOSD的治疗中发挥重要作用,应用愈加广泛。基于此,文中概述NMOSD相关免疫机制以及单克隆抗体治疗研究进展。

Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder(NMOSD)is an antibody-mediated autoimmune disease with inflammatory demyelinating lesions of the central nervous system as the main pathological manifestation.The disease mainly affects the optic nerve and spinal cord and has a very high disability rate.Current researches suggest that its pathogenesis is strongly related to humoral immunity.Monoclonal antibodies(MA)have been proved to be effective in immune diseases of the nervous system,such as multiple sclerosis and myasthenia gravis,MA has played an important role in the treatment of NMOSD in recent years,and its application has become increasingly widespread.The immune mechanisms of optic neuromyelitis optica spectrum diseases and the progress of monoclonal antibodies treatment were overviewed.