论近代中国的两种法家诠释路径及其旨趣

On the Two Interpretive Approaches of Legalism(Fajia)in Modern China and Their Purposes

伴随着近代中国的世变与学变,诸子之学重新受到各派学人的重视。在这其中,先秦法家学说颇受关注。晚清以来人们对于法家学说的新诠释,与其说是将这所有内容都作为思考重点,不如说更基于时人自己对于时势的观察,以及由此而生的政治、经济与文化立场,再从先秦法家文献中选取被认为值得重视的内容,从不同的角度与立场予以新的解释。这背后体现的,其实是近代中国不同政治派别对于现代国家建设要旨与国内政治和社会矛盾的不同认知。大体言之,近代中国的法家新诠大体有两种路径,即国家主义的路径与社会结构变革的路径。

With the changes of the world and learnings in modern China,scholars regained interest in the scholarship on the Sages(Zhuzi).Among them,the doctrines of pre-Qin Legalism(fajia)had received considerable attention.The interpretations on the Legalist doctrines since the late Qing Dynasty were not so much based on the comprehensive contents of the doctrine,but more on contemporary scholars'observations and their resulting political,economic and cultural positions.Scholars selected the pre-Qin Legalist doctrines that were considered worthy of attention and gave new interpretations from different perspectives and positions.This in fact reflected the different perceptions held by different political factions in modern China regarding the key issues of state-building and domestic social problems.Broadly speaking,there were two new interpretations on Legalism in modern China,namely the statist approach and the social structural change approach.