民国时期高校教师公派出国访学制度特征及启示

The Characteristics and Implications ofthe System of Dispatching Teachers from Colleges and Universities to Study Abroad in RepublicanChina

教师公派出国作为高校师资队伍建设和培养的重要途径,不仅是实现高等教育国际化的需要,同时也是为了培养高层次人才、推进学科建设的必要之举。民国时期,在国民政府、高校和国外公共组织的推动下,高校教师公派出国的资助方式多样,选拔程序较为严格,具有学术休假和奖励的性质。出国国别以欧美国家为主,资助的学科以自然科学和实用性学科为主。探究这一制度在中国近现代高等教育发轫和发展历史进程中,对于高等学校的发展、学科的建设以及教师队伍的培养所发挥的重要推动作用,对于我们今天仍具有重要的启示和借鉴意义。

Sending teachers abroad to study was an important way to build and cultivate the university faculty teams.It not only helped meet the need of internationalization in higher education,but also helped cultivate high-level talents and promote the discipline development.In the Republican period,with the collective efforts from the national government,universities and foreign public organizations,funds for teachers to go abroad were numerous and the selection process was strict.Such funds in fact allowed teachers to have an academic leave and obtain some monetary rewards.The destination countries were mainly European and American countries,and the disciplines being funded were largely natural sciences and applying disciplines.It is of great significance to explore the Republican teacher dispatching system and its importance to the high education development in modern China.