制图与地方认知——18-20世纪东南山地家谱里居图意象图式分析

Mapping and Place Cognition:Image Schema Analysis of the Liju Maps in 18th-to 20th-Century Genealogies in the Mountainous Region of Southeast China

环境认知科学研究证实,在地方认知形成过程中,心智借助意象图式将空间结构化、概念化并赋予意义。因此,对意象图式的研究是理解地方认知形成机制的关键。文章以家谱中描绘本族群聚居环境的里居图为对象,通过分析意象图式作用的结果——“地图”图像学和统计学,反推其绘制行为背后的图式逻辑。分析结果表明,图面表达上呈现出非标准化、主观特征的里居图,在意象图式层面具有完整、封闭、明确的结构。里居图的制作者通过将文化景观、生产生活、自然和祖先崇拜三重意义编织进基础的意象图式结构中,建构了村落尺度上社会与自然协同的地方认知。

Environmental cognitive science has proven that the human mind uses image schema to structure,conceptualise,and imbue meaning into space during the formation of place cognition.Therefore,understanding the formation mechanism of place cognition requires a comprehensive examination of image schema.This article focuses on the liju maps(lit.maps of rural settlements),which depict the living environment of rural settlements in genealogies.It reconstructs the schematic logic behind the liju maps from image and statistical analyses,based on the premise that the maps are an outcome of the image schema mechanism.The analysis shows that the liju maps have a complete,closed,and clear structure at the image schema level,despite their obviously non-standardised and subjective appearances.The article concludes that the cartographers of the liju maps incorporated the meanings of cultural landscape,production and daily life,and nature and ancestor worship into the basic image schema structure.In doing so,they constructed a place cognition of social and natural coordination at the village scale.