加德满都谷地世界文化遗产震后搜救与修复的经验与启示

Experience and Inspirations of the Post-Earthquake Search,Rescue and Restoration of the Kathmandu Valley World Heritage Property,Nepal

2015年尼泊尔发生强烈地震,加德满都谷地世界文化遗产(KVWHP)震损严重。KVWHP的震后搜救响应得到了以尼泊尔政府为主体的整个国际社会高度关注和快速实施,从而为之后持续6年的震后恢复与重建工作奠定了基础。笔者作为2015年尼泊尔地震后中国援尼泊尔加德满都杜巴广场九层神庙修复项目的团队成员,依据尼泊尔以及国际震后搜救与修复的相关政策和评估内容,结合参与援尼项目期间的观察以及与尼方震后相关机构的交流,综合分析了KVWHP震后搜救与修复的相关政策、国际合作工作机制及工作特点,对KVWHP震后搜救与修复的经验和启示进行了初步探讨。

The great earthquake of 2015 in Nepal caused severe damage to the Kathmandu Valley World Heritage Property(KVWHP).The post-earthquake search and rescue response of the KVWHP attracted national and international atten-tions and was implemented rapidly by the Nepalese government with international aid.The initial rescue response laid the foundation for the post-earthquake recovery and reconstruction of the KVWHP in the following six years.Informed by close observation and participation in the 2015 restoration project of the nine-storey Basantapur Tower in Kathmandu Durbar Square as part of China’s aid to Nepal,this article presents a comprehensive analysis of the KVWHP’s post-earthquake policy and working mechanisms and characteristics of the initial rescue response and international collaboration in the res-toration projects.The research data were gained through first-hand observations during the aid pro-ject and the communication with Nepal’s relevant post-disaster heritage management organisations.They were corroborated with relevant policies,guidelines,and assessments for post-disaster search,rescue and restoration applied in Nepal and interna-tionally.The research findings highlight the experi-ence and inspirations gained through the KVWHP’s post-earthquake rescue and restoration.