刑事案件全流程繁简分流机制研究

Research on the Diversion Mechanism of the Whole Process of Criminal Cases

解决刑事诉讼中“案多人少”的问题,应当将视野扩展至刑事案件的全流程,考察各环节对轻微案件的分流机制及其利弊。刑法立法如何处理轻微不法行为,决定性地影响到打击面的大小和刑事案件的原始规模。公安机关对轻微案件是否立案、是否侦查、是否破案,检察机关在多大规模上裁量不起诉,大幅度影响了进入审判环节的案件数量。法院在不“加人”前提下通过简案快审、繁案精审追求“减事”,改善空间可能并不大。不同环节的繁简分流机制,还对立法/执法/司法、公检法三机关、国家与公民之间的相互关系分别产生深远影响。

To solve the problem of“few judges for many cases”in criminal proceedings,we should expand our vision to the whole process of criminal cases and investigate the diversion mechanism of minor cases in each link and its advantages and disadvantages.How to deal with minor illegal acts in criminal legislation has a decisive impact on the size of the attack and the original scale of criminal cases.Whether the public security organs put on record,investigate and solve minor cases,and the extent to which the procuratorial organs decide not to prosecute have greatly affected the number of cases entering the trial.On the premise of“not adding people”,the court pursues“simplification”through quick trial of simple cases and intensive trial of complicated cases,and there may not be much room for improvement.The separation mechanism of complexity and simplification in different links also has a far-reaching impact on the relationship among the legislative/law enforcement/judicial,public security and procuratorial organs,the state and citizens respectively.