大数据时代数据产权保护制度研究

On Data Property Rights Protection System in the Era of Big Data

随着时代发展,数据在人们工作生活中越来越发挥着不可替代的作用,数据产权随之受到理论与实践的关注。然而,由于数据主体的多元化,现有法律规定及配套措施无法完成保护数据产权的任务,监管缺失、数据产权侵权等现象频发。产权保护的缺失必然会引起社会经济的无序发展,因此需要在专门性法律规范的基础上构建协同共治的监管体系,保障各数据产权主体的财产利益。为保障数据产权保护制度的顺利构建,应围绕归责原则争议、侵权损害赔偿不足以实现“罪责相适应”等问题,确定数据产权侵权的一般过错责任原则,完善数据产权侵权检察公益诉讼制度,建立数据产权侵权惩罚性赔偿制度,以保障多元数据主体权益,确立完善的数据产权保护机制。

Data is increasingly playing an irreplaceable role in people’s work and life with the development of the times,and data property rights have been concerned both theoretically and practically.However,due to the diversification of data subjects,the existing legal provisions and supporting measures cannot complete the task of protecting data property rights.The lack of supervision,data property rights infringement and other phenomena occur frequently.The lack of property rights protection will inevitably lead to the disorderly development of social economy.Therefore,on the basis of targeted laws and regulations,it is necessary to build a collaborative co-regulation system to protect the property interests of all data property subjects.For the establishment of the data property rights protection system,and centering on the current dispute on the principle of liability and the fact that the compensation for infringement damages is not enough to achieve the compatibility of crime and responsibility,we should determine the general fault liability principle of data property rights infringement,improve the procuratorial public interest litigation system of data property rights infringement,and establish the punitive compensation system of data property rights infringement,so as to protect the rights and interests of multiple data subjects,and establish a complete data property rights protection mechanism.