罗汉果渣发酵料替代部分日粮对富凤麻鸡大肠微生物群落多样性的影响

Effects of fermented Siraitia grosvenorii residue replacing part of diet on large intestinal microbial community diversity of Fufeng Ma chickens

【目的】探索罗汉果渣发酵料替代部分日粮对富凤麻鸡大肠微生物群落多样性的影响,为罗汉果渣发酵料在鸡养殖生产中的应用提供参考依据。【方法】选定60日龄的富凤麻鸡(母鸡)20羽,随机分成4组,使用罗汉果渣发酵料分别替代3%、6%、9%日粮,以全日粮为对照(CK),进行为期97 d的饲养试验。饲喂结束后,采集鸡大肠内容物,基于Illumina高通量测序技术探究3种替代日粮比例对富凤麻鸡大肠微生物群落多样性的影响。【结果】不同比例替代日粮处理的富凤麻鸡大肠微生物群落的Chao1指数排序为CK>替代9%>替代3%>替代6%,Shannon指数排序为CK>替代9%>替代3%=替代6%,Simpson指数排序为CK=替代9%>替代3%=替代6%。经Wilcoxon检验,各试验组与CK的Chao1指数无显著差异(P>0.05,下同),表明罗汉果渣发酵料替代日粮处理对富凤麻鸡大肠细菌群落物种的丰富度均无影响。替代3%日粮的富凤麻鸡大肠微生物群落的Shannon指数显著低于CK(P<0.05,下同),其他试验组的Shannon指数与CK无显著差异;替代3%和6%日粮处理大肠微生物群落的Simpson指数显著低于CK,而替代9%日粮的Simpson指数与CK无显著差异。门分类水平上共注释出29个细菌门,其中拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)、厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)和变形菌门(Proteobacteria)是4组试验中的绝对优势菌门,拟杆菌门的相对丰度排序为替代9%>CK>替代3%>替代6%,厚壁菌门的相对丰度排序为替代6%>替代3%>CK>替代9%,变形菌门的相对丰度排序为替代3%>替代6%>CK>替代9%。其中,替代3%日粮处理的大肠微生物群落变形菌门相对丰度显著高于CK,替代9%日粮处理的变形菌门相对丰度显著低于CK,而替代6%日粮处理的变形菌门相对丰度与CK无显著差异。属分类水平上,变形菌属(Proteus)的相对丰度在4组试验中有显著差异,其相对丰度排序为替代6%>替代3%>CK>替代9%,其中,替代9%日粮处理的变形菌属相对丰度显著低于CK,而替代3%和6%日粮处理与CK无显著差异。【结论】基于物种丰富度、罗汉果渣的营养成分及变形菌门的丰度对富凤麻鸡大肠微生物群落影响的保守评估,罗汉果渣发酵料替代日粮的最佳替代比例为6%。

【Objective】The objective of this study was to explore the effects of fermented Siraitia grosvenorii residue replacing part of diet on large intestinal microbial community diversity of Fufeng Ma chickens,and to provide a reference basis for the application of fermented S.Grosvenorii residue in chicken breeding production.【Method】Twenty 60-day-old Fufeng Ma chickens(hens)were selected and randomly divided into four groups.The diets of 3%,6%,and 9%were replaced with fermented S.grosvenorii residue respectively.The whole diet(CK replacement)was used as the control group(CK)in a feeding trial for 97 d.After feeding,the contents of the chicken large intestine were collected,and the effects of three alternative dietary proportions on the diversity of the large intestine microbial community in Fufeng Ma chickens were explored based on Illumina high-throughput sequencing technology.【Result】The Chao1 index of the large intestinal microbial community of Fufeng Ma chickens treated with different proportions of alternative diets was ranked as CK>replacing 9%>replacing 3%>replacing 6%,the Shannon index was ranked as CK>replacing 9%>replacing 3%=replacing 6%,and the Simpson index was ranked as CK=replacing 9%>replacing 3%=replacing 6%.Wilcoxon test showed that there was no significant difference in the Chao1 index between the test groups and CK(P>0.05,the same below),indicating that the treatment of fermented S.grosvenorii residue replacing diet had no effect on the species richness of large intestinal microbial community in Fufeng Ma chickens.The Shannon index of the large intestinal microbial community of Fufeng Ma chickens replacing 3%of the diet was significantly lower than CK(P<0.05,the same below),and there was no significant difference in the Shannon index between the other test groups and CK.The Simpson index of the large intestinal microbial community in the treatment of replacing 3%and 6%diets was significantly lower than CK,while the Simpson index of replacing 9%diets was not significantly different from CK.At the phylum level,a total of 29 bacterial phyla were annotated,among which Bacteroidetes,Firmicutes,and Proteobacteria were the absolute dominant phyla in the four groups of experiments.The relative abundance of Bacteroidetes was ranked as replacing 9%>CK>replacing 3%>replacing 6%,Firmicutes was ranked as replacing 6%>replacing 3%>CK>replacing 9%,and Proteobacteria was ranked as replacing 3%>replacing 6%>CK>replacing 9%.Among them,the relative abundance of Proteobacteria in the large intestinal microbial community was significantly higher than CK in the treatment of replacing 3%of the diet,while the relative abundance of Proteobacteria in the treatment of replacing 9%of the diet was significantly lower than CK.However,there was no significant difference in the relative abundance of Proteobacteria between the treatment of replacing 6%of the diet and CK.At the level of genus classification,there were significant differences in the relative abundance of Proteus genus among the four groups of experiments,with a relative abundance ranking of replacing 6%>replacing 3%>CK>replacing 9%.Among them,the abundance of Proteus genus in the treatment of replacing 9%diet was significantly lower than CK,while there was no significant difference between the treatment of replacing 3%and 6%diet and CK.【Conclusion】Based on the conservative assessment of the effects of species richness,nutrient composition of S.grosvenorii residue and the abundance of Proteobacteria on the large intestinal microbial community in Fufeng Ma chickens,the optimal replacement proportion of fermented S.grosvenorii residue to diet is 6%.