云南松林下异地引种对三七生长及品质的影响

Effects of Panax notoginseng(Burk.)F.H.Chen off-site introduced into Yunnan pine forests on its growth and quality

【目的】探明不同苗源地三七种苗引种至不同松树林下区域种植的适应性,为三七在云南省的林下引种种植提供理论依据。【方法】设交叉引种试验,将云南省低纬度区域与高纬度区域所育三七种苗分别交叉引种到云南省低纬度松树林下种植基地和高纬度松树林下种植基地,调查引种后的三七出苗率、存苗率与发病率,测定三七植株的生物量、折干率、根冠比及总皂苷含量,评价不同苗源地种苗引种至林下栽培的适应性。【结果】4月中旬与4月末时,在低纬度林下种植基地,低纬度种苗的出苗率为65.00%和87.67%,显著高于高纬度种苗的出苗率53.05%和70.00%(P<0.05,下同);在高纬度林下种植基地,3月末时,高纬度种苗出苗率为31.05%,显著高于低纬度种苗的出苗率11.30%。在低纬度林下种植基地,低纬度种苗的根腐病和黑斑病发病率均低于高纬度种苗;在高纬度林下种植基地,2个来源地种苗发病率无显著差异(P>0.05,下同)。在低纬度林下种植基地,低纬度种苗的生物量、折干率及根冠比均优于高纬度种苗;而在高纬度林下种植基地,2个来源地种苗的生物量、折干率、根冠比无显著差异。在低纬度林下种植基地,低纬度种苗的皂苷含量显著高于高纬度种苗;在高纬度林下种植基地,2个来源地种苗的皂苷含量无显著差异。【结论】就近引种更有利于三七种苗的出苗、生长及皂苷含量积累。开展三七林下种植时,应优先选择经纬度差异性小,环境条件相似的苗源地种苗进行移栽。

【Objective】To explore the adaptability of Panax notoginseng(Burk.)F.H.Chen seedlings which introduced from different seedling nursery sites to different under-forest planting sites of pine tree,then provide theoretical basis for planting P.notoginseng in pine forest in Yunnan.【Method】A cross-introduction experiment was set up that P.notoginseng seedlings bred in low-latitude(hereinafter referred to as LL)areas and high-latitude(hereinafter referred to as HL)areas of Yunnan were cross-introduced to the LL pine forest planting site and HL pine forest planting site in Yunnan respectively.The emergence rate,survival rate and incidence rate of P.notoginseng after introduction were investigated in the field.The biomass of P.notoginseng plants was measured,and the drying rate and root-shoot ratio were calculated.Finally,the total saponin content of P.notoginseng after introduced to under-forest sites of pine trees were determined by liquid chromatography,to evaluate the adaptability of seedlings introduced from different seedling sources to cultivation under pine forest.【Result】In the middle of April and the end of April,the emergence rate of LL seedlings reached 65.00%and 87.67%,which were significantly higher than that of HL seedlings(53.05%and 70.00%)(P<0.05,the same below)at LL planting site.At the end of March,the seedling emergence rate of HL seedlings was 31.05%,which was significantly higher than that of LL seedlings(11.30%)at HL planting site.Furthermore,at LL planting site,the incidence of root rot and black spot diseases of LL seedlings was lower than that of HL seedlings,but there were no significant differences in HL planting sites between two source seedlings(P>0.05,the same below).Besides,the biomass,drying rate,and rootshoot ratio of LL seedlings were better than that of HL at LL planting site.At HL planting sites,the biomass,drying rate and root-shoot ratio of LL seedlings had no significant difference from those of HL seedlings.Finally,the saponin content of LL seedlings was significantly higher than that of HL seedlings at LL planting site,but there were no significant difference in HL planting sites between two seedlings.【Conclusion】Introducing seedlings nearby is more conducive to the emergence,growth,and accumulation of saponin content of P.notoginseng.When planting P.notoginseng in pine forest,priority should be given to selecting seedlings with small difference in longitude and latitude and similar environmental conditions for transplanting.