绞股蓝的化学成分及其生物活性研究进展

Chemical constituents and biological activity of Gynostemma pentaphyllum:A review

绞股蓝是我国重要的可食用植物资源,为葫芦科绞股蓝属草质攀援植物,广泛分布于我国陕西南部和长江以南等地区。文章对2000—2022年国内外绞股蓝的研究文献进行可视化分析,发现绞股蓝及其皂苷成分是研究热点,对绞股蓝的研究集中在化学成分、功能活性和药理作用等方面,但目前缺乏对其化学组成和生物活性的系统综述。基于此,文章对绞股蓝中皂苷类、多糖类、黄酮类、氨基酸和微量元素等化学成分,以及其抗氧化、抗衰老、降血脂、降血糖、护肝、抗肿瘤、保护神经等生物活性的最新研究进行归纳总结,结果表明目前对绞股蓝产地之间的质量比较,及其主要药效成分的吸收代谢和作用机制研究仍较匮乏。提出今后可将绞股蓝黄酮类化合物作为研究目标,进一步明确黄酮的成分结构及药理活性作用机制;基于绞股蓝多成分、多药理活性的特点,利用分子生物学、代谢组学等技术手段探究绞股蓝活性成分的药效物质基础和作用机制,以及活性成分代谢产物及代谢途径;规范绞股蓝产地道地性和产品质量标准,以期为绞股蓝资源的进一步开发利用提供参考。

Gynostemma pentaphyllum(GP)is a significant edible plant resource in China.It is a grassy climbing plant belonging to Gynostemma genus of Cucurbitaceae family and is extensively distributed in the south of Shannxi Province and the south of Yangtze River.This paper conducted a visual analysis of the overseas and domestic research literatures on GP in the past 20 years.Among them,GP and its saponins have been a prominent area of research.However,the focus of the research has mainly been on the chemical compositions,functional activities,and pharmacological actions of GP.A current systematic review of its chemical compositions and biological activities is lacking.Therefore,this paper summarized the latest research on the chemical compositions of saponins,polysaccharides,flavonoids,amino acids,and trace elements in GP,as well as its biological activities such as antioxidant,anti-aging,reducing blood lipids and blood sugar,liver protection,anti-tumorand nerve protection.The results indicated a shortage of studies comparing the quality of GP from different regions,as well as limited knowledge on the absorption,metabolism,and action mechanisms of its main pharmacodynamic components.Therefore,it is suggested to focus on the future study of flavonoid compounds in GP as a Fig.1 Co-occurrence analysis maps of Chinese references(A)and English references(B)research target to further elucidate their chemical structure and pharmacological mechanisms.Considering the diverse composition and pharmacological activities of GP,molecular biology,metabolomics,and other technical approaches should be employed to investigate the pharmacological substance basis,mechanisms,and the metabolites and metabolic pathways of its active components.Moreover,it is crucial to standardize the standards of origin integrity and product quality of GP,which can provide references for further research and development of GP.