当代西班牙文学中内战记忆的多维建构与文化转向

Multidimensional Construction and Cultural Turn of the Civil War Memory in Contemporary Spanish Literature

作为20世纪西班牙乃至欧洲颇具有影响力的重大历史事件,西班牙内战及随后长达近40年的佛朗哥独裁历史成为当代西班牙政治、社会、文化裂变与重塑的源动力。如何再现西班牙社会演变进程中的内战记忆一直是战后西班牙文学创作所关注的焦点。20世纪90年代以来,内战文学创作通过对内战记忆多维范式的建构,呈现出从沉默到爆发、从个体记忆的言说到集体记忆的重构再到文化记忆的深度反思的发展脉络。在审美范式螺旋式演变与对记忆文化祛魅、对话、批判与反思的进程中,内战记忆书写深刻体现记忆话语转向,见证并反映了战后西班牙民族由分裂到融合再到重塑的进程,实现了对内战从历史事件到文化事件认知的跃升。这不仅为西班牙文化记忆的建构注入新的活力,也为西班牙社会治愈精神创伤、弥合民族分裂以及重塑伦理价值等发挥了重要作用。

As the most influential historical event in Spain and Europe in the twentieth century,the Spanish Civil War(1936-1939)and the Franco's dictatorship have been the source of political,social,and cultural division and reconstruction in contemporary Spain.The issue of how to represent the memory of the Civil War in the evolution of Spanish society has been the focus of post-war Spanish literature.Since the 1990s,the contemporary civil war literature has undergone a development from silence to outbreak,from the articulation of individual memory to the reconstruction of collective memory and then to the deep reflection of cultural memory through the construction of multidimensional paradigms of civil war memory.The writing of the civil war memory embodies the turning of the discourse of the civil war memory in the spiral evolution of aesthetic paradigm and the process of disenchantment,dialogue,criticism,and reflection on memory culture.It also witnesses and reflects the process of the post-war Spanish nation from division to integration to reshaping,and finally realizes the ascent from a historical event to a cultural event.It has not only revitalized the construction of Spanish cultural memory,but also contributed to the recovery of the mental trauma,healing the national division,and reshaping the ethical values of the Spanish society.