新时代我国高校人文社科科研效率及其制约因素研究

Efficiency of Humanities and Social Sciences Research and Its Restricting Factors in Chinese Universities in the New Era

研究采用2012—2020年我国31省区市科研数据,运用数据包络分析(DEA)方法测度与分析新时代我国高校人文社科科研效率水平及其制约因素。研究发现,我国高校人文社科科研效率整体不高,2012—2020年间呈波动变化趋势,尤其2018—2020年逐年下降。东部高校在人文社科科研综合技术效率和纯技术效率方面表现最佳,西部次之,中部最低,而规模效率三大区域差异不大。北京、上海、江苏、湖北等教育资源较丰富的省份高校人文社科科研效率相对较高,而西藏、湖南、贵州、安徽等相对较低。制约我国大部分省份高校人文社科科研效率的主要因素,2016年之前是科研产出数量,之后逐渐转变为科研产出质量和效益。除了科研产出的影响外,科研管理与技术水平、科研规模不适宜也是限制科研效率提升的原因。要提升我国高校人文社科科研效率,科研活动重点应从要素投入转向全要素生产率的提升,建立和完善以质量和贡献为导向的高校科研评价与激励机制,并关注区域和省域之间的差异,采取针对性策略。

This study examines the research efficiency and constraints of Chinese universities in the field of humanities and social sciences in the new era.Using the Data Envelopment Analysis(DEA) method,research data from 31 provinces between 2012 and 2020 were measured and analyzed.The findings indicate that the overall research efficiency in humanities and social sciences of Chinese universities was relatively low,with fluctuations observed from 2012 to 2020,and a continuous decline from 2018 to 2020.Among the three regions(eastern,western,and central),eastern universities demonstrated the highest comprehensive technical efficiency and pure technical efficiency in humanities and social sciences research,followed by the western and central regions.However,there was little difference in scale efficiency among the three regions.Universities in Beijing,Shanghai,Jiangsu,and Hubei,which possess abundant educational resources,exhibited relatively higher research efficiency in humanities and social sciences.Conversely,universities in Xizang,Hunan,Guizhou,Anhui,and other provinces showed lower research efficiency in these disciplines.Prior to 2016,the quantity of research was a major factor restricting the efficiency of scientific research in most provinces.After 2016,the quality and efficiency of research gradually became the primary constraints in the humanities and social sciences research of universities across most provinces.Apart from research output,deficiencies in scientific research management,technological capabilities,and research scale also hindered the improvement of research efficiency.In order to improve the efficiency of humanities and social science research in Chinese universities,the focus of scientific research activities should shift from factor input to the improvement of total factor productivity,establish and perfect the quality and contribution oriented evaluation and incentive mechanism of scientific research in universities,pay attention to the differences between regions and provinces,and adopt targeted strategies.