三种断层位移测量工具对比分析

Comparative analysis of three types of tools to measure fault displacements

基于构造地貌对活动断层进行定量研究对理解断层活动习性及预测其将来的活动行为具有重要的意义。目前人们对断层位错的获取主要采取软件测量的方式,因此对断层位错测量工具的可靠性及应用性的分析至关重要。文章首先对3种常用的测量工具LaDicaoz、3D_Fault_Offsets与MCSST进行介绍;然后,基于无人机摄影航测获得的党河水库断裂高精度DEM以及无人机机载LiDAR获取的西秦岭北缘断裂黄香沟段高精度DEM,使用MCSST对党河水库断裂进行详细的陡坎垂直位错测量,利用LaDicaoz和3D_Fault_Offsets对黄香沟断裂进行精细的水平位错测量,并通过交叉检验方法对这3种测量工具的可靠性进行分析;最后,基于不同性质断裂位移的提取过程和结果,对这3款软件的自动化程度、使用难易程度及可重复性等特性进行综合对比分析,并总结3种工具的优势与不足。研究结果表明,LaDicaoz和3D_Fault_Offsets在水平位移提取方面具有较高精度和较好应用,MCSST在垂直位移提取及分析上应用较好,但3种工具的自动化程度皆存在不足,工具间的相互借鉴并将人工智能引入将成为进一步提高测量软件科学性与实用性的发展方向。

Quantitative studies on active faults based on tectonic geomorphology are essential for understanding the activity history and predicting future behavior.Currently,fault dislocations are mainly obtained by measuring tools,which should be analyzed for their reliability and applicability.In this study,three commonly used measuring tools(LaDicaoz,3D_Fault_Offsets,and MCSST)were employed.Subsequently,based on the high-precision DEM obtained by the UAV photogrammetric technique,MCSST was applied to measure the vertical dislocation of fault scarps along the Danghe reservoir fault,and the LaDicaoz and 3D_Fault_Offsets were applied to measure the horizontal dislocation of the Huangxianggou fault.MCSST was used in this study to perform a detailed steep ridge vertical dislocation measurement of the Danghe reservoir fault.LaDicaoz and 3D_Fault_Offsets were utilized for accurate measurement of the horizontal dislocation of the Huangxianggou fault,and the reliability of these three measuring tools was further examined using the cross-checking method.Lastly,based on the extraction process and results,the automation degree,ease of use,repeatability,and other characteristics of the three software programs were compared and analyzed,and their advantages and disadvantages were summarized.Analysis results indicated that LaDicaoz and 3D_Fault_Offsets have high accuracy and decent application in horizontal displacement measurement,and MCSST is better applicable in vertical displacement extraction.However,the automation degree of the three tools needs improvement.This study may further enhance the development of scientific and practical measurement software tools.