枯水情势对长江中下游取水工程运行影响及对策研究

Research on the impact and countermeasures of low water conditions on the operation of water extraction projects in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River

长江是长江经济带发展的重要依托,也是沿江城市群最重要的水源地。2022年长江中下游干流极端枯水位的出现极大影响了沿江城市供水安全,暴露出长江中下游沿岸取水工程在枯水情况下面临重大威胁。基于已有研究成果,在上游干支流控制性水库陆续建成及极端干旱灾害频发的背景下,从水库蓄洪补枯调度、枯水河槽下切及干旱天气影响角度,阐述了长江中下游干流未来枯水情势变化趋势,分析了枯期水位下降对取水水位、水质保证及河口取水工程抵御盐水入侵的影响,并提出了相应对策建议。

The Yangtze River serves as a vital foundation for the development of the Yangtze River Economic Belt and constitutes the most crucial water source for the urban agglomerations along the river.The occurrence of extreme low water levels in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River in 2022 had a significant impact on the water supply security of the cities along the river,thereby exposing the substantial threat faced by water intake projects along the river during periods of low water level.Building upon existing research findings and considering the background of the continuous construction of key controlled reservoirs in upstream trunk and tributaries and the increased frequency of extreme drought disasters,this paper elucidates the future trends of drought conditions in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River from the perspectives of reservoir flood storage and replenishment scheduling,dry river channel cutting,and the impact of drought weather.It analyzes the impact on water intake levels,water quality assurance,and the capacity of estuarine water intake projects to counteract saltwater intrusion.during declining water levels of drought periods Furthermore,corresponding strategies and recommendations are proposed.