农地流转对农产品成本利润率的影响研究——基于32种主要农产品的实证分析

Research on the Influence of Agricultural Land Transfer on the Profit Margin of Agricultural Product Cost——Based on Empirical Analysis of 32 Kinds of Main Agricultural Products

本文基于32种主要农产品的2011-2020年数据,实证分析了农地流转对农产品利润率的影响.实证结果表明,农地流转提高了农产品成本利润率.虽然农地流转同时提高了农产品的产量和总成本,但是对前者的影响远大于后者,从而提高成本利润率.并且,农地流转显著提高了土地成本,但是对生产成本的降低较小,从而总体上提高了总成本.重新测算农地流转率后上述结果较为稳健.异质性分析表明,农地流转对粮油农产品和非粮油农产品的影响相反,降低了粮油农产品的成本利润率,主要原因是农地流转显著提高了粮油农产品的土地成本,但是并没有提高产量、减低生产成本,从而增加了总成本.进一步分析表明,出租转包形式占比显著降低粮油农产品的成本利润率,而股份合作形式则相反,能够提高成本利润率,主要原因是股份合作形式虽然没有增加产量和降低生产成本,但是显著减低了土地成本,从而降低了总成本.

Based on the data of 32 major agricultural products from 2011 to 2020,this paper empirically analyzes the impact of farmland transfer on agricultural profit rate.The empirical analysis results show that the agricultural land transfer increased the cost-profit margin of agricultural products.Although farmland transfer increased both the output and total cost of agricultural products at the same time,but the impact on the former was much greater than the latter,thus increasing the cost profit margin.In addition,the transfer of farmland significantly increased the land cost,but the reduction on production cost was small,thus increasing the total cost.The above results are relatively consistent after re-calculating the farmland transfer rate.Heterogeneity analysis shows that land transfer had opposite effects on grain and oil agricultural products and non-grain and oil agricultural products,and reduced the cost profit margin of grain and oil agricultural products.The main reason is that farmland transfer significantly increased the land cost of grain,oil and agricultural products,but it did not increase the output or reduce the production cost,thus increasing the total cost.Further analysis shows that the proportion of leasing and subcontracting significantly reduced the cost-profit margin of grain,oil and agricultural products,while the share cooperative system could increase the cost-profit margin.The main reason is that although the form of joint-stock did not increase the output and reduce the production cost,but it significantly reduced the land cost,thus reducing the total cost.