热耐力与运动成绩的相关性研究

Correlations between heat tolerance and training performance

目的 对高温高湿环境下基层官兵进行5 km运动试验,研究探讨热耐力与运动成绩的相关性。方法 选取30名基层官兵为受试者,在户外热指数为46的环境中尽力跑步5 km,记录跑步成绩;然后在室内温度40℃,相对湿度40%,跑步机坡度2°,跑步速度5 km/h的条件下跑步2 h。采用心率及核心温度计算生理应激指数(physiological stress index,PSI)。按PSI降序将30名受试者分为2组,前16名为试验组,后14名为对照组,比较其PSI差异。试验组连续7 d完成上述室内条件下的热习服训练,每天1次,对照组则不进行热习服训练。热习服训练结束后,2组再次检测PSI,比较2组PSI差异。最后在热指数为45的环境中再次尽力完成5 km跑步,比较2组训练成绩。结果 2组受试者开始试验前,试验组11人出现热耐受不良,对照组未出现热耐受不良表现。试验组经过室内热习服训练可以降低PSI(t=5.27,P<0.05)。试验组热习服训练前后饮水量及出汗量差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。但试验组热习服训练后的5 km跑步成绩提升显著(t=2.69,P<0.05)。结论 热习服训练可以改善生理应激指数,进而提高在高温高湿环境下的运动成绩。

Objective To investigate the correlations between heat tolerance and training performance by conducting a 5 km exercise test in a high-temperature and high-humidity environment among grass-roots military personnel.Methods Thirty logistics support personnel were selected as subjects and asked to run 5 km in an outdoor environment with a heat index of 46 before their results of running were recorded.After that,they ran for 2 hours at an indoor temperature of 40℃,relative humidity of 40%,treadmill slope of 2°,and running speed of 5 km/h.The heart rate and core temperature were used to calculate the physiological stress index(PSI).These subjects were divided into two groups in descending order of PSI,with the first 16 in the experimental group and the last 14 in the control group.The difference in PSIs was studied.The experimental group completed heat acclimatization training once a day under the same conditions for 7 consecutive days,while the control group did not.After the heat acclimatization training,the PSIs of the two groups were tested a second time before the difference in PSIs between the two groups was identified.Finally,a 5 km running was completed in an environment with a heat index of 45,and the training performance of the two groups was compared.Results Before the two groups began the experiment,11 subjects in the experimental group showed heat intolerance,but no heat intolerance was found in the control group.In the experimental group,indoor thermal acclimatization training reduced PSIs,and the difference was statistically significant(t=5.27,P<0.05).There was no significant difference in water intake or volumes of perspiration before and after thermal acclimation training(P>0.05).However,the 5 km running performance of the experimental group was significantly improved after heat acclimatization training(t=2.69,P<0.05).Conclusion Heat acclimatization training can improve physiological stress indexes and running performance in a high-temperature and high-humidity environment.