基于三维激光点云的公路曲线桥梁三维形貌与变形测量

Three dimensional morphology and deformation measurement of curved highway bridge based on 3D laser scanning

针对公路曲线桥梁检测问题,提出了一种基于三维激光扫描技术的三维形貌与变形提取方法.将原始点云数据进行包含降采样和去噪的预处理,自动提取桥梁轴线来计算桥梁里程并定位变形测点,通过对构件点云坐标系的转换实现不同构件空间几何信息的批量提取.完成了包含一座连续梁高架桥及其匝道桥在内、总长约3000 m的桥梁结构的测量.结果表明,测量对象的主梁高程变化值在0~5 mm间均匀分布,桥面线形平顺,无明显变形,桥墩无明显扭转,但偏移较为普遍,最大值为19.5 mm,需跟踪观测.所提方法具有较高的可靠性与实际可行性,能够满足公路曲线桥梁三维形貌与变形指标全面测量的需要.

For curved highway bridge detection,a three-dimensional(3D)shape and deformation extraction method was proposed based on 3D laser scanning technology.The original point cloud data was preprocessed including downsampling and denoising.The bridge axis was automatically extracted to calculate bridge mileage and locate deformation measurement points.The spatial geometry information of different components was extracted in batches by converting the point cloud coordinate system of components.The bridge structure with a total length of about 3000m,including a continuous beam viaduct and its ramp bridge,was measured.The results show that the change value of the main beam elevation of the measured object is evenly distributed between 0 and 5 mm.The alignment of the bridge deck is smooth with no obvious deformation,and the pier has no obvious torsion.The deviation of piers is common,and the maximum value is 19.5 mm,which needs to be tracked and observed.The proposed method has high reliability and practical feasibility.It can meet the requirements of comprehensive measurement of 3D morphology and deformation indexes of curved highway bridges.