牡蛎礁生态潜堤的消浪效果试验研究

Experimental study on wave attenuation of oyster reef as ecological submerged breakwater

为探究不同因素对牡蛎礁波浪衰减效果的影响,基于蛎岈山牡蛎礁保护区内测量的礁体尺寸、孔隙度等数据进行建模,采用不同孔隙度的袋装牡蛎壳组合来模拟牡蛎礁,对其在规则波作用下的消浪效果进行了研究.将牡蛎礁的透射系数试验值与抛石潜堤消浪公式计算值进行比较,分析其差异性及原因,并拟合得到了规则波作用下牡蛎礁的透射系数公式.结果表明,礁体相对干舷高度越大、相对礁顶宽度越大、孔隙度越小、波陡越大,则透射系数越小,表明消浪效果越好.当礁体露出水面时,牡蛎礁可达到相同尺寸抛石潜堤(人工块石护面)消浪效果的78%;而当礁体处于淹没状态时,孔隙度为0.55的牡蛎礁的消浪效果可达到抛石潜堤的1.1倍.

To study the impact of different factors on the wave-damping effects of oyster reefs,based on the reef size and porosity data measured in Liyashan Protection Area,the combination of bagged oyster shells with different porosities was used to simulate the oyster reef,and its wave-damping effects under the regular waves were studied.By comparing the test value with the calculated one of the existing submerged breakwater wave dissipation formula,the differences and reasons were analyzed,and the formula of the transmission coefficient of the oyster reef was obtained.The results show that the greater the relative freeboard height,the greater the relative reef top width,the smaller the porosity and the greater the wave steepness,the smaller the transmission coefficient,indicating that the better the wave-damping effects.When the reef is exposed to the water,the oyster reef can reach 78%of the wave-damping effects of the same-sized submerged breakwater(riprap breakwater with armor stone),and when the reef is submerged,the wave-damping effects of the oyster reef with a porosity of 0.55 can reach 1.1 times that of the submerged breakwater.