酸浸液中回收钪研究进展

Research Progress in the Recovery of Scandium from Acid Leaching Solution

【目的】Sc的独立矿物很少,即使是钪的独立矿床,钪的品位也不高。因此,Sc的分离回收成为近年来的研究热点。【方法】本研究综述了从各种二次资源酸浸液中分离提纯Sc的方法,包括溶剂萃取、离子交换、液膜分离,总结了3种方法分离回收Sc的优缺点。【结果】酸性和中性有机磷萃取剂在实践中应用最广泛,萃取效率高,缺点在于酸性条件下反萃率只有20%,需要用碱或者氟化物反萃。相比于溶剂萃取法,采用离子交换技术从杂质含量低的酸浸液中回收低浓度Sc时存在经济优势。但是,离子交换法不适合从杂质含量高的酸浸液中回收低浓度Sc,因为酸浸液中的杂质会降低树脂的有效性。液膜萃取法更适用于钪的预浓缩,但是乳液本身的不稳定性,会导致进水和出水重新混合。【结论】通过对这三种方法的比较,为酸浸液中回收Sc提供了参考与借鉴。酸浸液中Sc浓度过低时,先采用液膜萃取法进行预浓缩,再用溶剂萃取技术分离提纯。酸浸液中杂质金属离子浓度较低时,采用离子交换树脂提取Sc。

[Purposes]Sc has few independent minerals.Even if it is an independent deposit of scandium,the grade of scandium is not high.Therefore,the separation and recovery of Sc has become a research hotspot in recent years.[Mehtods]The technologies of solvent extraction,ion exchange,and liquid mem⁃brane for the separation and purifification of scandium from secondary resources acid leaching solution are reviewed.This article summarizes the advantages and disadvantages of three methods for separating and recovering Sc.[Findings]Acidic and neutral organo-phosphorus extractants are most widely used in practice,with high extraction efficiencies.The disadvantage is that the stripping rate is only 20%under acidic conditions,requiring the use of alkali or fluoride for stripping.Compared to solvent extraction,us⁃ing ion exchange technology to recover low concentration Sc from acid leaching solution with low impu⁃rity content has economic advantages.However,ion exchange methods are not suitable for recovering low concentrations of Sc from acid leaching solutions with high impurity content,as impurities in the acid leaching solution can reduce the effectiveness of the resin.The liquid membrane extraction method is more suitable for the preconcentration of scandium,but the instability of the lotion itself will lead to the re mixing of water inlet and water outlet.[Conclusions]The comparison of these three methods provides reference and reference for the recovery of Sc from acid leaching solution.Under the low concentration of Sc in the acid leaching solution,liquid membrane extraction method is first used for pre concentration,and then solvent extraction technology is used for separation and purification.When the concentration of impurity metal ions in the acid leaching solution is low,ion exchange resin is used to extract Sc.