我国居民健康水平的时空演变特征及影响因素分析

An analysis of spatiotemporal evolution characteristics and influencing factors of Chinese people s health

基于空间自相关分析、空间变异函数、探索性空间数据分析等方法,本文探讨了2007年以来我国居民健康水平的时空演变、区域差异及其关键影响因素的演化特征,为中国政府分区域制定相关健康政策提供科学依据。结果发现:2007—2017年我国居民健康水平呈上升趋势,我国居民健康水平依然呈现“西部-中部-东部”逐渐升高趋势,各省人民健康水平的空间差异性呈现先减少又增大趋势;2007—2017年我国东部省份健康处在较高水平,中部地区各省份健康水平较高的省份有一定增加,西部省份居民健康水平有较大提升;2007—2017年,我国各省居民健康水平空间关系趋于稳定,变化较小,我国居民健康水平的热点区域呈扩张态势,且较高水平省区向北方扩展,中国北方省区健康水平有所改善,而南方个别地区健康水平有所下降,西部省份还处在冷点区域,而东部各省依然处在热点区域。经济水平、医疗资源可及性、城市化水平和社会环境等关键因素对我国健康水平有显著影响;2012年和2017年城镇化率对居民健康的影响大于经济和医疗资源可及性对于健康的影响。将来还需进一步对居民健康水平的时空发展、空间尺度、驱动力等问题开展深入研究。

Based on the methods of spatial autocorrelation analysis,spatial semivariogram and exploratory spatial analysis,this paper discusses the temporal and spatial evolution of the health level of Chinese residents since 2007,in order to provide scientific basis for making policy on regional health inequality reduction in China.The results are as follows.From 2007 to 2017,the health level of Chinese residents gradually increased,and the level of health of the people in all provinces still presented a gradual trend of“western-central-eastern”,and the spatial differences in the health level of residents in different provinces first decreased and then increased.From 2007 to 2017,the health level of presidents in eastern region was at the high level,among the provinces in the central region,there was a certain increase in the number of provinces with higher levels of health,and the health level of residents in the western region was improved significantly.From 2007 to 2017,the spatial relationship between the health levels of residents in all provinces in China tended to be stable with little change.The hot areas of the health level of Chinese residents are expanding,and the higher level provinces expanded to the north.The health level of the Northern provinces in China was improved,while the health level of some areas in the south was declined.A significant cold area of stability was formed in the west,while the scale of the eastern coastal areas was formed significant stability hotspot.The key factors,such as economic level,access to medical resources,urbanization level and social environment,had a significant impact on China s health level.In 2012 and 2017,the impact of urbanization rate on residents health was greater than the impact of economic and medical resource accessibility on health.More research on the spatiotemporal development,spatial scale,and driving force of residents health level needs to be further carried on.