铁路与矿业:道清铁路与中福联合办事处的成立与整理(1928—1936年)

Railway and mining:Establishment and arrangement of Taoqing Railway and Chungfu Joint Office(1928-1936)

道清铁路以运输豫北矿产为主,这使得其很容易成为豫北矿业行业竞争的牺牲品。从福公司撤离至中福联合办事处成立前,道清铁路运营管理权被一矿独大的中原煤矿公司控制。借助国民政府加强对全国铁路集权化管理的机会,道清铁路试图摆脱被豫北矿业长期控制的局面。因得不到道清铁路配合,中原煤矿公司难以阻止福公司的复工。在国民政府的干预下,两公司被迫重组成为中福联合办事处。因道清铁路的钳制,中福联合办事处的成立并没有改善豫北矿业糟糕的现状。在国民政府决议全面整理中福联合办事处的高压下,道清铁路不得不最终屈服。道清铁路与矿业之间的矛盾并非单纯的路矿业务纠纷,还与政治外交、矿业政策的调整等各方面牵扯在一起。道清铁路最终成为国民政府与英国外交博弈、矿业政策调整的工具。路矿纷争及由此引起的政治外交和矿业政策等方面都成为制约道清铁路运营发展的重要因素。透过道清铁路与豫北矿业的关系互动,从一个侧面反映了近代铁路运营发展的艰巨性。

Taoqing Railway is mainly used to transport minerals from northern Henan,which makes it easy to be the victim of the competition of mining industry in northern Henan.After the the escape of Peking Syndicate Limited and before the establishment of Chungfu Joint Office,the operation and management of Taoqing Railway was controlled by the Chungyuan Coal Mine Company,which is the largest mine then.With the opportunity of the national government to strengthen the centralized management of the national railway,Taoqing Railway tried to get rid of the situation of being controlled by the mining industry in northern Henan.Because of the failure in cooperating with Taoqing Railway,Chungyuan Coal Mine Company was difficult to prevent the resumption of the Peking Syndicate Limited.After the intervention of the national government,the two companies were forced to reorganize into Chungfu Joint Offices.Due to the stranglehold of Taoqing Railway,the establishment of Chungfu Joint Office did not improve the poor situation of mining industry in northern Henan.Under the high pressure of the national government's comprehensive resolution of Chungfu Joint Office,Taoqing Railway had to yield eventually.The conflict between Taoqing Railway and the mining industry was not only a dispute over road and mining business,but also involved in various aspects such as the adjustment of the government's foreign policy and mining policy.Taoqing Railway eventually became a tool for the national government to play diplomatic games with Britain and adjust the government s mining policy.Railway and mining disputes and the political and diplomatic and mining policies caused by them had become important factors restricting the operation and development of Taoqing Railway.The interaction between Taoqing Railway and the mining industry in northern Henan reflects the difficulty of modern railway operation and development from one side.