美、德、日高校人事制度改革分析及借鉴

Analysis and reference of personnel system reform in American,German and Japanese universities

人事制度改革是现代大学制度建设的重要组成部分,关乎着高校治理体系和治理能力现代化。研究表明,美国、德国、日本高校人事制度改革各具特色,美国高校具有人事管理自主、岗位聘任严格、薪酬体系完善的特点,德国高校具有师资结构多元、聘用程序严密、薪酬效用显著的特点,日本高校具有教师队伍稳定、兼职教师较多、任期考评管理的特点。对比其它国家,借鉴国外高校人事制度经验,遵循终身教职与聘期考核、严格聘用与逐级晋升、人才储备与合理使用、专职教师与兼职教师、固定工资与绩效激励相结合等原则,力促我国高校人事制度改革取得新突破、新成效,助推我国高校“双一流”建设。

The reform of personnel system is an important part of the construction of modern university system,which is related to the modernization of university governance system and governance ability.The research shows that the personnel system reform of colleges and universities in the United States,Germany and Japan has its own characteristics.American colleges and universities have the characteristics of independent personnel management,strict post appointment and perfect salary system.German colleges and universities have the characteristics of diverse teacher structure,strict employment procedures and remarkable salary effectiveness.Japanese universities have the characteristics of stable teaching staff,more part-time teachers and tenure evaluation management.Compared with other countries,we should draw lessons from the personnel system experience of foreign colleges and universities.Adhering to the principles of combination of tenure and employment period assessment,strict employment and promotion,talent reserve and rational use,full-time teachers and part-time teachers,fixed wages and performance incentives,we will vigorously promote the reform of the personnel system in China's colleges and universities to achieve new breakthroughs and new results,and promote the"double first-class"construction and application-oriented transformation of China's colleges and universities.