国家公园保护地役权管理和评估技术体系构建研究

Study on Establishment of Technical System for Management and Assessment of the Conservation Easement in the National Park

当前,自然保护地全民所有土地与集体土地权属并存的现象较为普遍,国家公园建设过程中也存在同样的问题,如何妥善处理社区居民权益与自然保护二者关系是国家公园高水平保护面临的挑战。在总结与提炼钱江源国家公园创建区保护地役权实践经验的基础上,首次探索、构建国家公园保护地役权管理和评估技术体系。该体系在管理层面涉及管理流程、方案编制、调查核实、供役地授权文件形成、合同签订、管理制度建设等环节;在评估技术层面涉及评估对象、内容与类型、评估流程、数据获取,以及合同履行情况、集体林地与农村承包土地保护地役权资产和生态效益评估等内容。该体系建设提供了以集体土地为主的国家公园实现自然资源资产统一保护、统一管理的实操性规则,对高质量构建以国家公园为主体的自然保护地体系,推进管理体制创新具有典型示范意义。

It is very common that state-owned land and collective land coexist in natural protected areas,and it is also true for national park.This is a great challenge to balance the relationship between interests of community residents and natural conservation with high quality for national park.The easement system for natural protected areas abroad has been implemented for many years.Based on the experience summary and refinement for conservation easement operation in Qianjiangyuan National Park construction area,this study first presents technical systems for management and assessment about conservation easement.The management system includes:management process,program preparation,investigation and verification,publicity,formation of servitude land authorization documents,contract signing,and management system construction.The assessment system includes:assessment object,contentand type,process,data acquisition,assessment of contract performance,collective forest land and rural contracted land resource assets and ecological benefit assesment.The two systems provide practical rules for the realization of unified protection and management of natural resource assets in national parks dominated by collective land,which is typical and exemplary for the high-quality construction of a system of natural protected areas with national parks as the main body and the promotion of innovation in the management system.