辽东半岛山区近自然经营红松人工林物种组成与群落特征

Species Composition and Community Characteristics of Close-to-Nature Managed Pinus koraiensis Plantation Forests in the Mountainous Area of Liaodong Peninsula

探究短期和中长期近自然经营下红松人工林群落的物种组成、区系成分与生物多样性等群落特征,为辽东半岛山区红松人工林恢复及生物多样性保护提供参考。以近自然经营12 a和45 a红松人工林为研究对象,利用群落样地调查法记录样地物种信息,分析群落特征与物种多样性。研究表明:1)12 a群落中,共有高等植物29种,隶属于19科23属;45 a群落中,共有高等植物54科96属142种;2)随着红松生长发育,群落物种分布类型增加、物种数增加、分布范围扩大,物种分布类型中,物种数量分布情况为北温带分布>世界分布>东亚和北美洲间断分布,温带成分最多,世界成分次之,热带成分最少;3)红松群落从12 a经营到45 a仍然保持纯林状态,但群落物种多样性显著增强,正向演替趋势明显。红松人工林近自然经营周期很长,正向演替明显,短期经营群落生物多样性较低,直到经营中期生物多样性才显著增强,生态位和密度制约理论能很好解释红松人工林生态演替,对辽东半岛红松人工林恢复具有很好的指导作用。

To studythe species composition,zonal composition and biodiversity of Pinus koraiensis plantation communities under short-and medium-to long-term near-natural management.It provides a reference for restoration and biodiversity conservation of Pinus koraiensis plantation forests in Liaodong Peninsula.Near-natural management of 12 and 45-year-old Pinus koraiensis plantations was used as the study object.The community characteristics and species diversity were analyzed using the community sample survey method.The results showed:1)In the 12-year-old community,there were 29 species of higher plants belonging to 19 families and 23 genera.In the 45-year-old community,there were 142 species of higher plants belonging to 54 families and 96 genera.2)With the growth and development of Pinus koraiensis,the distribution types of the community species increased,the number of species increased,and the distribution range expanded.Among the species distribution types,North Temperate>Cosmopolitan>E.Asia&N.Amer,disjuncted;the temperate component was the most abundant,followed by the cosmopolitan component,and the tropical componentwas the least abundant.3)From 12-to 45-year-old,the Pinus koraiensis community remained in a pure forest state,but the species communityof thediversity increased significantly,and the trend of positive succession was obvious.The close-to-nature management cycle of Pinus koraiensis plantation was very long,and the positive succession was obvious;The biodiversity of the community under short-term management was relatively low,and it was not significantly enhanced until the middle management period.The theory of ecological niche and density dependence can well explain the ecological succession of Pinus koraiensis plantation,which has a good guiding role in the restoration of Pinus koraiensis plantation in Liaodong Peninsula.