论患者生存机会丧失理论之立法引入与法律化问题

On the Legislation Introduction and Legalization of the Theory of Patients'Survival Chance Loss

目前我国立法并未对患者生存机会丧失理论予以采纳,但司法实务中部分法院实质上在采用该理论来裁判案件,致客观上存在着裁判标准、请求权基础认定、因果关系认定、损害赔偿计算等方面的司法乱象。破解这些乱象,不应再固守传统侵权法的因果关系理论,而应在立法层面引入患者生存机会丧失理论,构建以最终损害之发生为必要考量,区分既有疾病产生的固有损害与医疗过失所导致的加重损害情形,明确比例赔偿责任的法律规范。

At present,China's legislation has not adopted the theory of patient's survival chance loss,but in ju⁃dicial practice,some courts actually use this theory to judge cases,resulting in judicial chaos in the aspects of judg⁃ment standard,claim basis,causality,damage compensation calculation and so on.To solve these chaos,we should no longer adhere to the causality theory of traditional tort law,instead we should introduce the theory of patient's sur⁃vival chance loss at the legislative level,construct the necessary consideration of the occurrence of final damage,dis⁃tinguish the inherent damage caused by existing diseases from the aggravating damage caused by medical negli⁃gence,and clarify the legal norms of proportional compensation liability.