煤巷掘进临时支护技术与装备研究进展及发展路径

Research progress and development path of temporary support technology and equipment for coal mine roadway excavation

临时支护作为煤巷永久支护的“排头兵”,是煤巷掘进的关键环节,其在时间和空间上的高效性直接决定了煤巷掘进和后续支护作业的效果,因此,高效临时支护技术与装备的研发是煤巷掘进的关键攻关方向。重点介绍了传统简易式、机载式、自移迈步式、新型临时支护机器人等临时支护技术与装备的研发进展及应用,对比归纳总结了不同类型装备的优缺点。系统提出了当前我国煤巷临时支护发展的关键核心方向:①临时支护装备的智能化升级;②具有智能感知、支护力及支护姿态自适应调整优化的临时支护机器人的研发。依据煤矿生产的实际需求和煤炭行业的发展需要,预测了煤巷临时支护技术与装备的发展趋势:①研发掘-支-锚-运一体化快速掘进系统,并从系统工程学角度统筹考虑,合理平衡及科学优化各循环工艺流程;②突破“围岩-支架”相互作用动态实时监测技术,实现掘进工艺及临时支护参数随围岩条件变化的实时调整;③通过临时支护装备的智能化升级,实现煤巷掘-支的无人化智能控制;④基于“透明化”矿山,开发智能探-掘-支技术,实现煤巷掘-锚-支装备智能感知、自适应调整。

Temporary support serves as the vanguard for permanent support in coal mine roadways and plays a crucial role in the process of roadway excavation.Its efficiency in time and space directly determines the effectiveness of roadway excavation and subsequent support operations.Therefore,the research and development of efficient temporary support technologies and equipment are key areas of focus in coal mine excavation.This article highlights the research progress and applications of various temporary support technologies and equipment,including traditional simple-style supports,airborne supports,self-moving supports and new types of temporary support robots.A comparative analysis is conducted to summarize the advantages and disadvantages of different types of equipment.The article identifies the key core issues in temporary support in coal mines in China:1)the intelligent upgrade of temporary support equipment,and 2)the development of temporary support robots with intelligent sensing,adaptive support force,and support posture adjustment optimization.Based on the practical requirements of coal mine production and the direction of the coal industry's development,the article presented the development trends of temporary support technologies and equipment in coal mines as:1)the development of integrated systems for fast excavation,support,anchoring,and transportation,with a comprehensive consideration of system engineering to balance and optimize various process cycles;2)real-time monitoring technology for dynamic interaction between"surrounding rock"and support,enabling real-time adjustment of excavation processes and temporary support parameters in response to changes in surrounding rock conditions;3)unmanned intelligent control of coal mine excavation and support through the intelligent upgrade of temporary support equipment;4)the development of advanced intelligent exploration-excavation-support technologies based on"transparent"mines,enabling intelligent sensing and adaptive adjustment of excavation-anchor-support equipment.