不同间作模式对滇龙胆产量及品质的影响

Effects of Different Intercropping Patterns on the Yield and Quality of Gentiana rigescens

为了分析不同间作模式对滇龙胆生长状态、产量及品质的影响,选择茶树、核桃树、黄豆、薏仁、黑豆、蚕豆6种作物材料,组成滇龙胆单作和间作7种种植模式,通过检测旺盛生长期和采收期滇龙胆的生长指标(株高、株幅、叶长、叶宽、茎粗),根部产量及品质指标(干重、须根数、根长、根粗、龙胆苦苷含量),探讨不同间作模式对滇龙胆产量和品质的影响。结果表明:滇龙胆与核桃树和茶树间作地上部分的生长状态优于与黄豆、薏仁、黑豆、蚕豆间作的滇龙胆植株,其中与核桃树间作极显著促进滇龙胆植株株高的生长,而与茶树间作滇龙胆株幅大,叶片展开度高,植株健壮。不同间作栽培的滇龙胆产量依次为:茶树间作>核桃树间作>黄豆间作>黑豆间作>对照(单作)>蚕豆间作>薏苡间作,与茶树间作的滇龙胆产量最高,产量为142.4 kg/hm^(2),比对照处理高46.87%。在不同的间作模式中,滇龙胆与茶树间作后须根数最多,每株须根约6~9根,极显著高于对照的须根数。不同间作模式下,滇龙胆的龙胆苦苷含量多少依次为:茶树间作>核桃树间作>蚕豆间作>黑豆间作>黄豆间作>对照(单作)>薏苡间作>药典(1.5%),与茶树间作的根茎的龙胆苦苷含量最高,为3.36%±0.07%,显著高于对照和与薏苡间作。相关性分析表明,滇龙胆根茎的品质和产量与地上部分植株的株幅、叶长具有显著正相关关系,而与滇龙胆株高无显著相关性。通过隶属函数对根茎进行综合打分表明:茶树间作>核桃树间作>蚕豆间作>黄豆间作>黑豆间作>对照>薏苡间作,与茶树间作、核桃树间作、蚕豆间作、黄豆间作和黑豆间作的滇龙胆综合品质均优于对照,其中与茶树间作的综合评分最高,达到0.99。

In order to analyze the effects of different intercropping patterns on the growth status,yield and quality of G.rigescens,six plant materials including Camellia sinensis(L.),Juglans regia L,Glycine max,Coix lacryma-jobi L.,Glycine max(L.)merr and Vicia faba L.were selected to form seven crops patterns of G.rigescens monoculture and intercropping.Plant height,plant width,leaf length,leaf width and stem diameter of G.rigescens in vigorous growth period and harvest period were detected,fiber root number,root length,root diameter,gentiopicroside content were determined to explore the effects of different intercropping patterns on the yield and quality of G.rigescens.The results showed that the growth state of above ground part of G.rigescens intercropped with Juglans regia L.and Camellia sinensis(L.)was better than that of G.rigescens intercropped with Glycine max,Coix lacryma-jobi L.,Glycine max(L.)merr and Vicia faba L.The intercropping with Juglans regia L.significantly promoted the growth of plant height of G.rigescens,while the intercropping with Camellia sinensis(L.)had large plant width,high leaf expansion and strong plants.The yield of G.rigescens in different intercropping cultivation was:Camellia sinensis(L.)>Juglans regia L.>Glycine max>Glycine max(L.)merr>control>Vicia faba L.>Coix lacryma-jobi L..The yield of G.rigescens in inter-cropping with tea was the highest,142.4 kg per hectare,46.87%higher than that in the control.In different intercrop-ping patterns,the number of fibrous roots of G.rigescens intercropping with Camellia sinensis(L.)was the highest,about 6-9 fibrous roots per plant,which was significantly higher than that of the control.The determination of gentio-picroside content in G.rigescens under different intercropping modes showed that:Camellia sinensis(L.)intercropping>Juglans regia L.intercropping>Vicia faba L.intercropping>Glycine max(L.)merr intercropping>Glycine max inter-cropping>control(monoculture)>Coix lacryma-jobi L.intercropping>Pharmacopoeia(1.5%),the gentiopicroside con-tent in the roots and stems of Camellia sinensis(L.)intercropping was the highest,which was 3.36%±0.07%,signifi-cantly higher than that of the control and Coix lacryma-jobi L.intercropping intercropping.The correlation analysis showed that the root quality and yield of G.rigescens had a significant positive correlation with the aboveground plant width and leaf length,but had no significant correlation with the plant height of G.rigescens.The comprehensive score of the roots and stems by the membership function showed that the comprehensive quality of G.rigescens was better than that of the control:Camellia sinensis(L.)intercropping>Juglans regia L.intercropping>Vicia faba L.intercrop-ping>Glycine max intercropping>Glycine max(L.)merr intercropping>control(monoculture)>Coix lacryma-jobi L.intercropping,Camellia sinensis(L.)intercropping,Juglans regia L intercropping,Vicia faba L.intercropping,Glycine max intercropping,Glycine max(L.)merr intercropping all higher than control,and the comprehensive score of inter-cropping Camellia sinensis(L.)was the highest,reaching 0.99.