国内外部分雪茄烟叶主要化学成分比较及聚类分析

Cluster and Comparative Analysis on Chemical Constituents of Do-mestic and Foreign Cigar Tobaccos

全球优质雪茄烟叶产区基本以热带雨林或热带季风气候为主。因多种因素,国内各产区雪茄原料的综合质量离国外优质产区还有一定差距。为研究国内外不同产区雪茄烟叶的化学成分,对部分国内外雪茄烟叶样品的主要化学成分和香气成分进行比较和聚类分析。结果表明:烟叶样品中糖类物质含量、氨基酸种类分布等体现了雪茄烟的显著特点,国内外不同产区雪茄烟叶样品中的常规化学成分含量存在较大差异,各烟区的雪茄烟叶样品化学成分总体较协调。海南产区和国外产区雪茄烟叶样品的总糖、还原糖、新烟草碱、谷氨酸、亚麻酸和亚油酸的含量均值明显低于国内其他3个产区,但果胶含量均值则呈现相反规律。国内产区烟叶糖类、微量生物碱、谷氨酸等成分含量与国外优质产区样品有较大偏差。香气成分方面,国内其他3个地区雪茄烟叶样品的巨豆三烯酮、芳樟醇、大马酮等类胡萝卜素降解产物,吡嗪、糠醛等非酶棕色化反应产物,茄酮等含量均值均显著高于海南产区和国外产区。国内所有产区雪茄烟叶样品的新植二烯、异戊醇、吡啶、苯乙醇等香气成分均值均高于国外产区,且达显著或极显著差异水平。聚类结果将产区分为4类,美洲产区和国内海南产区为第一大类,印尼产区为第二大类,国内湖北、云南产区和四川产区分别被分为第三和第四大类。

The global quality cigar tobacco planting areas are basically dominated by tropical rain forest or tropical monsoon climate.The overall quality of cigar raw materials from Chinese and overseas planting areas has the certain disparity by multiple factors.In order to study the chemical constituents,a cluster and comparative analysis was con-ducted on some domestic and foreign cigar tobacco.The contents of carbohydrates and the distribution of amino acids reflected the characteristics of cigar tobacco.There were large differences among cigar tobacco samples from different planting areas in the content of conventional chemical components,and the chemical components of the cigar tobacco leaves had harmonious percentage in general.The average contents of total sugar,reducing sugar,anatabine,glutamic acid,linolenic acid and linoleic acid in cigar tobacco samples from Hainan and foreign planting areas were significantly lower than those in the other three planting areas in China,but the pectin content showed the opposite pattern.In terms of aroma components,the average contents of carotenoid degradation products such as megastigmatrienone,linalool and damascenone,non-enzymatic brown-reaction products such as pyrazine and furfural,and solanone in cigar tobacco samples from other three planting areas in China were significantly higher than those from Hainan and foreign planting areas. The average contents of neophytadiene, isoamyl alcohol, pyridine, phenyl ethanol and other aroma components in cigar tobacco samples from all domestic planting areas were higher than those from foreign planting areas, and the dif-ference was significant or most significant. These planting areas fell into four categories according to clustering results. The first group included America areas and Hainan Province in China. The second group included Indonesian areas. Hubei Province, Yunnan Province was in the third group, and Sichuan province was in the fourth group.