基于HS-SPME-GC-MS分析墨兰不同花器官香气成分

Analysis on the Aroma Components of Different Floral Organs of Cymbidium sinense Based on HS-SPME-GC-MS

墨兰(Cymbidiumsinense)为典型的香花国兰,具有很高的经济价值和观赏价值。采用HS-SPME-GC-MS技术对墨兰不同花器官的挥发性成分进行分析,共检测出7类、54种挥发性成分,主要由21种醛类、12种醇类、10种酮类、5种苯类、2种呋喃类、2种酸类及2种萜类化合物组成。花瓣、萼片、唇瓣、蕊柱等4种不同花器官均含有的化合物共48种,包括19种醛类、10种醇类、9种酮类、5种苯类、2种萜类、2种呋喃类和1种酸类。花瓣、萼片及蕊柱共有成分有3种,只在萼片中检测到的成分仅有2种,丙烯醛只在蕊柱中检测出。结果表明:花朵不同花器官所含的挥发物种类及含量差异明显,萼片共检测出49种挥发物,物质含量最高达99106.15μg/L,占总挥发性有机成分的35.88%,其中含量最高的挥发物为环戊基甲醛,具有薄荷的樟脑味。花瓣共检测出51种挥发物,物质含量为56571.48μg/L,占总挥发性有机成分的20.48%,含量最高的挥发物为1-戊烯-3-醇,具有水果香味。唇瓣共检测出48种挥发物,物质含量最低的为41645.32μg/L,占总挥发性有机成分的15.08%,其中含量最高的挥发物为环戊基甲醛。蕊柱共检测出具有香气成分的挥发物51种,物质含量为78868.68μg/L,占总挥发性有机成分的28.56%,其中含量最高的挥发物为己醛,具有生的油脂、青草气及苹果香味。通过主成分分析发现4种花器官中唇瓣和花瓣差异性小,蕊柱和萼片与其他器官差异性大。戊醛、己醛、E-2-戊烯醛、E-2-己烯醛、环戊基甲醛、E-2-庚烯醛、1-戊烯-3-醇、E-2-戊烯-1-醇是4个花器官香气释放的主要挥发性成分。盛花期墨兰花朵的萼片是挥发性成分释放的主要花器官,不同花器官花香成分的物质含量存在明显差异。

Cymbidium sinensis is a typical fragrant orchid variety with high economic and ornamental value.HS-SPME/GC-MS was used to analyze the volatile components of different flower organs in C.sinensis.Seven categories and 54 volatile components were detected,mainly composed of 21 aldehydes,12 alcohols,10 ketones,5 benzenes,2 furans,2 acids and 2 terpenoids.There were 48 compounds presented in four different flower organs,including petals,sepals,la-bellums,and pistil columns,including 19 aldehydes,10 alcohols,9 ketones,5 benzenes,2 terpenoids,2 furans and caproic acid.There were three components in petals,sepals and pistil columns,only two components were detected in sepals,and Acrolein was only detected in pistil columns.The results showed that there were significant differences in the volatile matter and content in different floral organs of flowers.A total of 49 volatile substances were detected in sepals,with the highest content reaching 99106.15μg/L,accounting for 35.88%of the total volatile organic compounds.Among which the highest content was cyclopentyl formaldehyde,which had the camphor flavor of mint.51 volatile compounds were de-tected in the petals,with a substance content of 56571.48μg/L,accounting for 20.48%of the total volatile organic compounds,with the highest content being 1-penten-3-ol,which had a fruity aroma.A total of 48 volatile substances were detected in the labellum flap,with the lowest substance content of 41645.32μg/L,the proportion of total volatile organic compounds was 15.08%,among which the highest content of volatile substance was cyclopentyl formaldehyde.A total of 51 volatile compounds were detected in the pistil column,with a content of 78868.68μg/L,accounting for 28.56%of the total volatile organic compounds,with the highest content being hexanal,which presented a fresh oil,green grass,and apple aroma.Through principal component analysis,it was found that among the four flower organs,there was little difference between the lip and petal,while the pistil column had a greater difference from other organs,and the sepals also had a greater difference from other organs.Glutaraldehyde,hexanal,E-2-pentenal,E-2-hexenal,cyclopentyl formaldehyde,E-2-heptaneal,1-penten-3-ol,E-2-penten-1-ol were the main volatile components released by floral organs.During the peak flowering period,the sepals of the flowers were the main floral organs that released volatile components,and there were significant differences in the content of floral aroma components among different floral organs.