不同产量水平麦田小麦冠层光能利用和干物质积累特性研究

Characteristics of Light Energy Utilization and Dry Matter Accumulation of Wheat Canopy in Fields with Different Yield Levels

为深入实施藏粮于地战略,提高小麦产量,本试验以高产小麦品种烟农1212为供试材料,研究每公顷产10500 kg(S)、9000 kg(H)和7500 kg(M)水平麦田小麦光能利用和干物质积累转运的差异。结果表明:S麦田拔节期至成熟期群体总茎数显著高于H和M麦田,开花期叶面积指数达8.9,开花期冠层光合有效辐射截获率高达96.85%并分别比H和M麦田显著高出6.00%和11.71%,开花后光能利用率和光能转化率分别比H和M麦田显著高出7.85%、17.65%和4.25%、10.28%。S麦田越冬期至成熟期干物质积累量显著高于其他麦田,开花后同化物在籽粒中的分配量达8163.03 kg/hm^(2),分别比H和M麦田显著高出38.15%和102.51%;S麦田单位面积穗数、穗粒数和千粒重分别达689.95万/hm^(2)、39.79粒和48.83 g,单位面积穗数、千粒重分别较H和M麦田显著提高12.67%、27.14%和6.73%、10.68%,S麦田产量达11280.54 kg/hm^(2),较H和M麦田分别显著提高19.64%和51.68%。在10500 kg/hm^(2)产量水平麦田,小麦光能利用率显著提高,促进了开花后干物质的积累,通过提高穗数和千粒重获得高产。

In order to further increase wheat yield,the highyield wheat variety Yannong 1212 was used as test material to study the differences in light energy utilization and dry matter accumulation and transport in wheat fields with different yield levels of 10500 kg(S),9000 kg(H)and 7500 kg(M)per hectare.The results showed that the total stem number of wheat in S field from jointing stage to mature stage was significantly higher than that in H and M fields,and the leaf area index at anthesis stage was 8.9,resulting in the interception rate of photosynthetic active radiation at anthesis stage as 96.85%,which were 6.00%and 11.71%higher than that in H and M wheat fields,respectively;the light energy utilization rate and light energy conversion rate after anthesis were 7.85%,17.65%and 4.25%,10.28%higher than those of H and M wheat fields,respectively.In S wheat field,the dry matter accumulation from wintering stage to mature stage was significantly higher than that in the other wheat fields;the distribution of dry matter in grain after anthesis was 8163.03 kg/hm^(2),which was 38.15%and 102.51%higher than that in H and M wheat fields,respectively;the spike number per hectare,grain number per spike and 1000grain weight reached 689.95104/hm^(2),39.79 grains and 48.83 g,respectively;the spike number per hectare and 1000grain weight were 12.67%,27.14%and 6.73%,10.68%higher than those in H and M fields,respectively;the yield reached 11280.54 kg/hm^(2),which was 19.64%and 51.68%higher than that in H and M wheat fields,respectively.In conclusion,in the wheat field with yield level as 10500 kg/hm^(2),the utilization rate of light energy could be significantly increased,the accumulation of dry matter after anthesis could be promoted,and high yield was obtained by in creasing the number of spikes per hectare and 1000-grain weight.