历史唯物主义的“空间化”解读及其理论症结——以尼尔·史密斯建构不平衡发展理论的哲学逻辑为主要案例

“Spatialization”of Historical Materialism and Its Aporia:A Case Study on Neil Smith’s Philosophical Logic Constructing Theory of Uneven Development

尼尔·史密斯是20世纪下半叶以来历史唯物主义“空间化转向”思潮的重要代表。一方面,他通过批判作为传统历史唯物主义哲学前提的“自在自然”,把“自然“”空间”等范畴视为资本主义时代特有的认识论;另一方面,他把资本逻辑批判转化为对地理景观不平衡发展的解剖。他的这些工作把唯物史观和地理学引入了新的视域,但其推导过程混淆了历史唯物主义一般原理同资本主义社会特殊历史经验事实的关系,也抹杀了资本主义社会批判理论中的历史辩证法向度。

Neil Smith is the representative of the“spatialization turn”in historical materialism since 1950s.He understood historical materialism as a unique epistemology of capitalist society,and tried to dissect the causes of uneven geographical development from the perspective of capitalist operative logic.Its derivation process confuses the relationship between the general principles of historical materialism and the special historical empirical facts in capitalist phase,and also obliterates the dimension of historical dialectics in the critical theory of capitalist society.