明清民国时期河北蝗神信仰浅析

A Brief Analysis of the Belief in the Locust God in Hebei during the Ming and Qing Dynasties and Republic of China

明清民国时期河北的蝗神信仰主要体现在祠庙的设立上,包括八蜡庙、刘猛将军庙、虫王庙。八蜡庙、刘猛将军庙大多距州府县治较近,河北的刘猛将军庙设立后,八蜡庙和刘猛将军庙呈现出合一的趋势。虫王庙这一称谓根据使用情境的不同,含义也不同。一种是八蜡庙或刘猛将军庙的概称,一种是指乡村虫王庙。乡村虫王庙来源于八蜡中的昆虫祭祀,不在国家祀典中,是介于正祠和淫祠中间地带的民间私祀。八蜡庙、刘猛将军庙、乡村虫王庙,在清中后期形成了河北基层社会蝗神信仰的三位一体格局。

The belief in the locust god in Hebei during the Ming and Qing Dynasties and Republic of China was mainly reflected in the establishment of ancestral temples,including Bazha Temple,General Liu Meng Temple,and Insect King Temple.Bazha Temple and General Liu Meng Temple are mostly close to the state capital and county government.Bazha Temple and General Liu Meng Temple have shown a trend of integration after the establishment of General Liu Meng Temple in Hebei.The title of Insect King Temple has different meanings according to different usage situations.One is the general name of Bazha Temple and General Liu Meng Temple,and the other is the village insect king temple.The village insect king temple is derived from the insect sacrifice in Bazha Temple,not in the national sacrifice code.It is a private sacrifice in the middle area between the main temple and the obscene folk temple.Bazha Temple,General Liu Meng Temple and village Insect King Temple formed a trinity pattern of locust god belief in Hebei grassroots society in the middle and late Qing Dynasty.