国民相对财富水平对国民健康水平的影响——以埃塞俄比亚为例

Study on the Impact of National Relative Wealth Level on National Health——Taking Ethiopia as an Example

财富和收入分配对于国民健康水平的影响一直是医疗保健政策制定的重要参考因素。文章基于2019年人口统计和健康调查(DHS)中埃塞俄比亚5426个家庭的数据,以家庭为单位并采用工具变量法研究区域内国民相对财富水平及城乡差异对国民健康水平的影响。研究结果显示:(1)国民相对财富水平与国民健康水平呈正相关;(2)国民相对财富水平效应存在城乡差异,仅对农村地区居民表现显著,城市地区则存在边际效益递减问题。根据研究结果,文章建议相似发展中国家在制定医疗保健政策时需考虑地区居民相对财富水平,应缩小区域间国民相对财富水平和基础设施建设等方面的差距,促进医疗资源公平分配,持续完善乡村医疗卫生体系并优先提升贫困地区居民的生活水平,以提高国民健康水平,最终实现经济社会高质量发展。

The impact of wealth and income distribution on national health has always been an important reference for healthcare policy formulation.According to data from 5426 Ethiopiaian households in the 2019 Demographic and Health Survey,the article applies the instrumental variable approach to study the impact of relative wealth levels and urban-rural gaps on national health,using household as a unit.The research findings suggest that relative wealth level of the population is positively correlated with national health;In addition,there is a urban-rural gap in the effect of national relative wealth level,which is significant only for residents in rural areas,while there are diminishing marginal benefits in urban areas.Drawing on the above conclusions,it's argued that similar developing countries should take into account relative wealth level of regional residents when formulating healthcare policies,narrow the gap of relative wealth between residents and access to infrastructure,promote the equatable distribution of medical resources,continue to perfect rural medical and health systems,and prioritize improving the living standards of residents in impoverished areas in an effort to promote national health and ultimately achievin g high-quality economic and social growth.