食用菌栽培连作障碍及防控技术分析

Analysis on continuous cropping obstacle and control techniques of edible fungi

近年来食用菌需求不断增加,食用菌栽培种类及栽培面积大幅上升,但因耕地、栽培条件等因素限制,食用菌栽培存在连作障碍问题.目前食用菌连作障碍已成为制约覆土栽培品种产量及品质的关键因素,严重阻碍食用菌产业规模化发展.对食用菌连作障碍制约因素进行了总结.从食用菌栽培连作障碍危害、引起危害的主要因素以及防控措施研究,分析了当前食用菌连作障碍形成原因.主要包括土壤微生物种群特性的变化、食用菌自毒化感物质的胁迫及致病菌土传病害等.目前连作障碍防控措施,主要包括栽培方式及管理优化、栽培土壤消毒、生物调控防治技术使用,并对食用菌连作障碍研究方向进行了展望,以期为食用菌栽培管理提供参考.

In recent years,the demand for edible fungi has been increasing,and the cultivation types and areas of edible fungi have increased significantly.Due to the limitations of cultivated land,cultivation conditions,and other factors,there are continuous cropping obstacles in edible fungi cultivation.At present,continuous cropping obstacle of edible fungi has become the key factor restricting the yield and quality of soil-covered cultivars and seriously hindering the large-scale development of edible fungi industry.This paper summarizes the restricting factors of continuous cropping obstacle of edible fungi,from the harm of the continuous cropping obstacle of edible fungi culti⁃vation,the main factors causing the harm and the prevention and control measures.The causes of continuous crop⁃ping obstacle of edible fungi were analyzed,including the change of soil microbial population characteristics,the stress of edible fungi self-toxic allelochemicals and soil-borne diseases.The prevention and control measures of continuous cropping obstacle were summarized,including cultivation methods and management optimization,cultiva⁃tion soil disinfection,biological control and control technology application,and the future research direction was dis⁃cussed.The research direction of continuous cropping obstacle of edible fungi has prospected to provide reference for cultivation and management of edible fungi.